ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Therapy Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the movement disorders seen in Parkinson disease and in the deficits seen in schizophrenia and other psychoses?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dopamine. In Parkinson's disease, there is a decrease in dopamine levels leading to movement disorders. In schizophrenia, there is an imbalance in dopamine transmission contributing to the cognitive deficits and positive symptoms. Melatonin (B) is involved in sleep regulation. Serotonin (C) is associated with mood regulation. Norepinephrine (D) plays a role in the sympathetic nervous system.
Question 2 of 5
During a follow-up visit, the health care provider examines the fundus of the patient’s eye. Afterward, the patient asks the nurse, “Why is he looking at my eyes when I have high blood pressure? It does not make sense to me!” What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (D): The nurse should explain that examining the fundus can help assess the long-term effectiveness of high blood pressure treatment. Changes in the blood vessels of the eye can indicate the impact of hypertension on the patient's overall health. Monitoring the fundus can reveal signs of hypertensive retinopathy, a serious complication of uncontrolled high blood pressure. By checking the fundus, the provider can ensure the treatment is preventing damage to the eyes and potentially other organs. This response educates the patient on the importance of regular eye examinations in managing hypertension. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Monitoring for drug toxicity is not the primary reason for examining the fundus in a patient with high blood pressure. B: Increased intraocular pressure is related to conditions like glaucoma, not specifically to high blood pressure. C: Visual changes from drug therapy are important to monitor, but the fundus examination in this context is more focused on assessing hypertension-related changes.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has been instructed to take one enteric-coated low-dose aspirin a day as part of therapy to prevent strokes. The nurse will provide which instruction when providing patient teaching about this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Taking with water and food helps prevent stomach irritation. 2. Enteric-coated aspirin can cause irritation if taken on an empty stomach. 3. Water helps with swallowing and food helps with absorption. 4. Ensuring proper intake enhances its effectiveness in stroke prevention. Summary: A is incorrect as aspirin is enteric-coated for a reason, not requiring an empty stomach. B is incorrect as bleeding is a potential risk with aspirin therapy. D is incorrect as crushing coated tablets can alter their efficacy.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing instructions about the Advair inhaler (fluticasone propionate and salmeterol). Which statement about this inhaler is accurate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Advair inhaler contains fluticasone propionate (a steroid) and salmeterol (a long-acting bronchodilator) which work together to prevent bronchospasms. Fluticasone reduces inflammation in the airways, while salmeterol helps to relax the muscles around the airways. This combination is not meant for the treatment of acute bronchospasms (A), does not require a spacer for best results (B), and does not have any specific restrictions on drinking water after use (C).
Question 5 of 5
Pick out the right statement:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Microsomal oxidation involves the addition of functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, to a drug molecule, increasing its polarity, ionization, and water solubility. This can enhance the drug's elimination from the body through renal excretion. Choice A is incorrect as microsomal oxidation does not always result in inactivation. Choice B is incorrect because microsomal oxidation can sometimes increase compound toxicity by producing reactive metabolites. Choice D is incorrect as microsomal oxidation typically increases water solubility, not lipid solubility, of a drug.