Which needs to be considered when using the Health Belief Model (HBM)?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The HBM is a value expectancy theory that addresses factors that promote health-enhancing behavior. The HBM considers perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and other sociopsychological and structural variables. Self-efficacy, defined as the notion that an individual can act successfully on a given behavior to produce the desired outcome, was later added to the HBM.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The goal of participatory action research is social change. The strategies reached collectively by the involved stakeholders lead to changes within the group and the community. Participatory action research does not produce analytical epidemiological findings, descriptive research studies, or experimental studies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Unfortunately, voicing the need for valuing diversity is not always consistent with behavior. It is often useful to change communication patterns to increase client comfort, although the nurse must sometimes refuse to fulfill client demands. However, it is always crucial to exhibit sensitivity to individual concerns, cultural background, or previous life experiences.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Literacy as a whole is typically defined as being able to read and write at the fifth-grade level. Health literacy, however, is defined as being able to access, understand, and use information to make health decisions. Only the latter type of literacy empowers clients to best act on their own behalf.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: One of the key concepts of community organizing practice is the principle of participation, which essentially means that active participation-or learning by doing-results in a greater likelihood of change in behavior and attitude.