ATI RN
NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which muscles constrict to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: superior constrictor. This muscle contracts to close off the upper part of the esophagus during breathing to prevent air from entering. The superior constrictor is located at the top of the esophagus near the pharynx. The middle and inferior constrictors are not involved in this function, as they mainly help in swallowing. The esophageal muscle is not responsible for preventing air entry into the esophagus during breathing. Therefore, the correct choice is A based on its anatomical location and function in preventing air passage.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these does not belong with the others?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lipase. Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats), while the other enzymes listed (sucrase, maltase, lactase) are all involved in carbohydrate digestion. Lipase acts on a different substrate compared to the others, making it the odd one out in this group. Sucrase breaks down sucrose, maltase breaks down maltose, and lactase breaks down lactose. Therefore, A does not belong with the others as it does not share the same function of breaking down carbohydrates like the rest of the enzymes listed.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cholecystokinin and secretin. Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes, while secretin stimulates the production of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. Insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar levels, not pancreatic juice. Gastrin primarily stimulates the release of gastric acid, not pancreatic juice. Angiotensin and epinephrine are involved in regulating blood pressure and the fight-or-flight response, not pancreatic juice secretion.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching about ileostomy care to a client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because enteric-coated medications should not be taken by clients with ileostomies as they may not be fully absorbed. A: Correct, emptying pouch at 1/3 full is recommended. C: Correct, changing pouch weekly is important to prevent skin irritation. D: Correct, caution with high fiber foods to prevent blockages.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has a gastric ulcer. Which of the following herbal supplements should the nurse recommend?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Licorice. Licorice has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and mucosal protective effects on the gastrointestinal tract, which can benefit clients with gastric ulcers. It can help enhance mucous production and promote ulcer healing. Feverfew (B) may increase the risk of bleeding, Comfrey (C) contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can be toxic to the liver, and Ephedra (D) can worsen gastric ulcer symptoms due to its stimulant effect on the stomach.