ATI RN
Nursing Care of Vulnerable Populations Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which model would be helpful to the nurse in examining all the various factors that can lead to disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epidemiologic triangle. This model helps the nurse examine the interplay between the host, agent, and environment in disease causation. The host represents the individual, the agent is the factor causing the disease, and the environment includes external factors. By using this model, the nurse can assess all contributing factors comprehensively. - B: Health promotion focuses on promoting health rather than disease causation. - C: Levels of prevention refers to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, not the examination of disease factors. - D: Natural history of disease explains the progression of a disease, but does not consider all factors leading to disease causation.
Question 2 of 5
Persons in an auditorium might have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the problem home to their families. What is the most important factor about the screening test used?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The sensitivity of the test. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have the disease (true positives). In this case, identifying infected individuals accurately is crucial to prevent them from spreading the disease to their families. A high sensitivity ensures that those who are infected are not missed and can receive immediate treatment to prevent further transmission. Choice A (negative predictive value) is incorrect because it focuses on the proportion of negative results that are truly negative, which is not the primary concern in this scenario. Choice B (positive predictive value) is also incorrect as it measures the proportion of positive results that are truly positive, which is important but not as critical as identifying all infected individuals. Choice D (specificity of the test) is not the most important factor in this situation because it measures the ability of the test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease (true negatives), which is not the primary concern when dealing with a potential disease outbreak.
Question 3 of 5
Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, what is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood. This is the most likely explanation because a higher prevalence of the disease in one neighborhood could be due to specific cultural or ethnic factors that increase susceptibility to the illness. This could include differences in lifestyle, dietary habits, genetic predispositions, access to healthcare, or exposure to environmental risk factors within that community. This explanation aligns with the observed statistical data showing a cluster of cases in a specific neighborhood. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B (The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city) is not a sufficient explanation on its own as it does not directly address why there would be a higher prevalence of the disease in that particular neighborhood. Choice C (A statistical fluke without meaning) is unlikely given the clear pattern of significantly more cases in one specific area. Choice D (The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city) is irrelevant as the question states that all else is the same
Question 4 of 5
A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma among the students than there were before the school was remodeled and expanded a couple of years ago. The nurse decides to check on the principal's observation by reviewing all the school records to determine visits to the health office because of asthma by week and month for the past 5 years. What sort of study is the nurse doing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Descriptive epidemiological study. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting a study to describe the frequency and distribution of asthma-related health office visits among students over the past 5 years. This type of study aims to summarize data and identify patterns without making causal inferences. It helps in understanding the health issue's prevalence and trends within the school population. Choice B: Ecological study involves analyzing data at the group level, such as comparing different populations or locations. It is not applicable in this context as the focus is on individual health office visits. Choices C and D: Prospective and retrospective cohort studies involve following individuals over time to assess the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. Since the nurse is not following individuals longitudinally in this scenario, these choices are not relevant.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is investigating bacteria that have caused a health problem in the community. Only some of the people exposed to the bacteria have become ill. What could account for this?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Host factors. Host factors refer to individual characteristics that influence susceptibility to a pathogen, such as immune status, genetic predispositions, age, and underlying health conditions. In this scenario, the variation in illness among individuals exposed to the bacteria suggests that host factors play a significant role. Chemical agent factors (A), environmental factors (B), and physical agent factors (D) are not directly related to individual susceptibility and are less likely to explain why only some individuals become ill after exposure to the bacteria. Therefore, the most plausible explanation for the differing outcomes is the variation in host factors among the exposed individuals.