Which model best explains the reasons why homeless individuals are at increased risk of disease as a result of multiple agent, host, and environmental factors?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The web of causality. This model best explains the complex interactions among agent, host, and environmental factors contributing to the increased disease risk in homeless individuals. It emphasizes the interconnectedness and multifactorial nature of health outcomes. Rationale: 1. The web of causality considers the interplay of various factors, such as social determinants of health, living conditions, access to healthcare, and individual behaviors, which collectively influence health outcomes in homeless populations. 2. This model recognizes the dynamic and non-linear relationships between different factors, illustrating how a combination of biological, social, and environmental elements can contribute to disease vulnerability. 3. In contrast, the epidemiological triangle primarily focuses on the relationship between the agent, host, and environment in causing specific diseases, overlooking the broader systemic factors affecting homeless individuals' health. 4. The levels of prevention framework and the Health Promotion Model are more focused on intervention strategies and individual behavior change, rather than capturing the complexity and interconnected

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Choice C: The most appropriate objective for community health nursing is to ensure a high immunization rate among children to prevent the spread of diseases. Immunization is a crucial public health intervention that protects individuals and the community. Achieving a high immunization rate, such as 95%, by age 1 is a specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goal that aligns with the core purpose of community health nursing. Rationale for why other choices are incorrect: A: This objective is not appropriate for community health nursing as it focuses on a specific medical intervention rather than a population-level public health goal. B: While nutrition counseling is important, this objective is not as critical for community health nursing as ensuring high immunization rates among children. D: This objective is vague and does not directly address a specific health issue or population group, making it less relevant for community health nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Informant interviews with local community members. This method is best because it directly involves the individuals within the community who have firsthand knowledge and experience regarding immigrant access to regional health care. They can provide valuable insights and perspectives that may not be captured through other methods. A: Interviews with employees of the local health board may provide some insights, but they may not have the same level of direct experience and perspective as community members. C: Interview with a legislator or local politician may offer a broader policy perspective, but may not capture the specific experiences of community members. D: Interview with a public health official may provide valuable information, but may not offer the same depth of insights as direct interactions with community members.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it directly assesses the impact of the program on reducing teen injury and death related to drunk driving. By comparing statistics before and after the program, we can determine its effectiveness. A: This question focuses on participant satisfaction, not the program's impact on reducing teen injury and death related to drunk driving. C: This question focuses on the amount of alcohol intake by teens, not the program's impact on reducing teen injury and death related to drunk driving. D: This question focuses on program implementation issues, not the program's impact on reducing teen injury and death related to drunk driving.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Measuring the goal effect. In this scenario, the CHN is comparing the number of new teen clients seeking contraceptive counseling before and after the education intervention program. This step involves evaluating the impact or effect of the program on the intended goal, which is to decrease teen pregnancy rates. By comparing the data before and after the intervention, the CHN can assess whether the program has been effective in achieving its goal. Incorrect choices: A: Determining outcome goal measurement - This step involves establishing specific, measurable outcomes before implementing the program. It is done prior to the intervention. B: Goal setting - This step involves setting specific, achievable goals at the beginning of the program. It is not the same as measuring the impact of the program. D: Evaluating the program - While evaluating the program is part of the overall evaluation process, in this scenario, the focus is specifically on measuring the effect of the program on the goal of decreasing teen pregnancy rates.