Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Performing a physical examination. This method allows the nurse to collect objective data directly from the patient, which is crucial in establishing a comprehensive patient database. By assessing the patient's physical condition, the nurse can gather vital information such as vital signs, overall health status, and potential areas of concern. Reviewing literature (A) and checking orders for tests (B) may provide additional insights but are not direct data collection methods. Ordering medications (D) is a treatment intervention, not a data collection method.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because sharp pain is a subjective cue as it is based on the client's personal experience and perception. The client is the only one who can report the presence and intensity of pain. B: Small bloody drainage is an objective cue that can be observed and measured by the nurse. C: Temperature of 102 degrees F is an objective cue that can be measured using a thermometer. D: Pulse rate of 90 beats per minute is an objective cue that can be measured using a pulse oximeter. In summary, subjective cues are based on the client's feelings and perceptions, while objective cues are observable and measurable by the healthcare provider.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Drinking cranberry juice. Cranberry juice is known to help reduce urinary odor due to its acidic nature which can help eliminate bacteria that cause odor. It also helps to maintain urinary tract health. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Eating spicy foods can actually increase body odor and may not have any impact on urinary odor. C: Foods like eggs, asparagus, or cheese may contribute to strong body odor but do not specifically address urinary odor. D: Drinking tea, coffee, and colas can potentially worsen urinary odor due to their caffeine content and impact on urinary tract health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to obtain a Doppler and recheck the pedal pulses. This is the correct choice because it allows the nurse to further assess the circulation in the lower extremities. By using a Doppler, the nurse can accurately detect the presence or absence of pedal pulses, which is crucial in evaluating the severity of the patient's condition. This step provides objective data that can guide the next course of action. Choice A is incorrect because emergency surgery should not be anticipated without further assessment. Choice B is incorrect as assessing apical and radial pulses is not relevant in this situation. Choice C is incorrect as elevating the foot of the bed and applying warm compress may not address the underlying circulation issue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. It is a localized treatment that is effective in shrinking tumors and preventing cancer cell growth. Surgery (A) involves physically removing the tumor and surrounding tissues, while chemotherapy (C) uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Palliative treatment (D) focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life in advanced stages of cancer. In this case, the focus is on a form of cancer therapy involving high-energy electromagnetic radiation, making radiation therapy the most appropriate choice.