Which method is used to evaluate the ECG responses to normal activity over a period of 1 or 2 days?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Holter monitoring. Holter monitoring is used to evaluate ECG responses to normal activity over an extended period, usually 1 or 2 days. This method allows for continuous monitoring of the heart's electrical activity during daily activities, providing a more comprehensive assessment compared to a single ECG. Option A) Serial ECGs involve taking multiple ECG readings at different time points but do not provide continuous monitoring over an extended period like Holter monitoring. Option C) The 6-minute walk test is a measure of exercise capacity and functional status, not a method for continuous ECG monitoring. Option D) Event monitors or loop recorders are used for intermittent monitoring to capture specific cardiac events or symptoms, not for continuous monitoring over 1 or 2 days like Holter monitoring. In an educational context, understanding the different methods of cardiac monitoring is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in cardiology or primary care settings. Knowing when to use each method based on the patient's symptoms and clinical presentation is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of cardiovascular conditions. Holter monitoring plays a specific role in assessing cardiac rhythm disturbances that may occur during daily activities, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) To lie or sit and place one tablet under the tongue when chest pain occurs. This is the correct instruction for taking sublingual nitroglycerin tablets because sublingual administration allows for rapid absorption of the medication into the bloodstream, providing quick relief for angina symptoms. Placing the tablet under the tongue helps facilitate this rapid absorption. Option B is incorrect because taking the tablet with a large amount of water would not allow for sublingual absorption and would delay the onset of action. Option C is incorrect because if the chest pain persists after taking one tablet, the patient should take a second tablet after 5 minutes and seek emergency medical assistance if the pain is still not relieved, rather than waiting 15 minutes to go to the hospital. Option D is incorrect because dizziness and headache are common side effects of nitroglycerin and do not necessarily indicate a need to stop the medication; the patient should be advised to sit or lie down and wait for the symptoms to subside. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to provide clear and accurate instructions to patients regarding the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin to ensure optimal effectiveness in relieving angina symptoms. Educating patients on the correct administration technique can help improve outcomes and patient safety in managing cardiovascular conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction (MI), it is crucial for the nurse to recognize signs indicating treatment failure. The correct answer, option A, "Continues to have chest pain," signifies unsuccessful thrombolysis. Chest pain persistence suggests ongoing myocardial ischemia due to inadequate clot dissolution, necessitating further interventions like rescue angioplasty. This outcome highlights the importance of prompt recognition and action in managing MI. Option B, "Has a marked increase in CK enzyme levels within 3 hours of therapy," is incorrect as elevated CK levels are expected after MI and thrombolysis due to myocardial damage, not necessarily indicating treatment failure. Option C, "Develops major GI or GU bleeding during treatment," is also incorrect as bleeding is a known side effect of thrombolytic therapy but does not inherently denote treatment failure. Option D, "Develops premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia during treatment," is incorrect as these arrhythmias can occur post-MI and are not specific indicators of thrombolytic therapy failure. Educationally, understanding the nuances of post-MI care, including thrombolytic therapy outcomes, is crucial for nurses caring for cardiac patients. This rationale emphasizes the importance of clinical vigilance, prompt assessment, and appropriate response to patient responses to therapy to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the field of cardiovascular health, understanding the indications for pneumonectomy is crucial for healthcare professionals. A pneumonectomy is the surgical removal of a lung, and it is typically indicated in cases where the lung is severely compromised and cannot function properly. The correct answer, option D) "All of the above," is the correct choice because a pneumonectomy may be indicated for a variety of conditions, including a malignant lung tumor, severe lung infections that are unresponsive to other treatments, and traumatic injuries to the lung that cannot be managed conservatively. Option A) "Malignant tumor" is a common indication for a pneumonectomy because removing the affected lung lobe can help prevent the spread of cancer to other parts of the body. Option B) "Severe lung infection" may require a pneumonectomy if the infection is localized and cannot be controlled with antibiotics or other therapies. Option C) "Trauma" can also necessitate a pneumonectomy if the lung is severely damaged and cannot be repaired. Educationally, understanding the indications for pneumonectomy is essential for healthcare professionals working in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, oncology, pulmonology, and critical care. It is important to be able to recognize when a patient may benefit from this surgical intervention and to understand the potential risks and benefits associated with the procedure. Healthcare providers must weigh the indications for pneumonectomy against the potential impact on the patient's quality of life and overall prognosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Congestive heart failure (CCF) is a complex condition that requires a comprehensive approach to management. The correct answer, option C (Both A and B), is the most appropriate choice because the medical and nursing management of CCF typically involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Medications play a crucial role in managing CCF by addressing underlying causes, reducing symptoms, and improving heart function. Common medications include ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and vasodilators. These medications help to reduce the workload on the heart, control blood pressure, and prevent fluid retention. On the other hand, lifestyle changes are equally important in managing CCF. Patients with CCF benefit from adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, which includes maintaining a balanced diet low in sodium, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, managing stress, and monitoring weight and fluid intake. These lifestyle modifications can help improve heart function, reduce symptoms, and enhance overall quality of life. Option A (Medications) alone is incorrect because managing CCF solely with medications without addressing lifestyle factors may not lead to optimal outcomes. Similarly, option B (Lifestyle changes) alone is insufficient as lifestyle modifications alone may not be able to address the underlying physiological imbalances seen in CCF. In an educational context, understanding the multifaceted approach to managing CCF is crucial for healthcare professionals. By comprehensively addressing both medications and lifestyle changes, healthcare providers can optimize patient outcomes, reduce hospital readmissions, and improve quality of life for individuals living with CCF. This integrated approach underscores the importance of a holistic and patient-centered care model in managing chronic cardiovascular conditions.