ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Drugs Classification Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which mental illness?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Major depressive episode, because it specifically refers to a period of intense sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and other symptoms like changes in sleep, appetite, and energy levels. This distinguishes it from the other options. A, Bipolar disorder: mania, involves periods of elevated mood and energy alternating with depressive episodes. B, Schizophrenia spectrum disorder, includes symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. C, Generalized anxiety disorder, is characterized by excessive worry and anxiety. Therefore, the specific symptoms described in the question point to major depressive episode as the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has a serum cholesterol level of 265 mg/dL, a triglyceride level of 235 mg/dL, and a low-density lipoprotein of 180 mg/dL. What do these serum levels indicate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyperlipidemia. These serum levels indicate high levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which are characteristic of hyperlipidemia. High levels of these lipids increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hypolipidemia (A) indicates low lipid levels, which is not the case here. Normolipidemia (B) suggests normal lipid levels, which the patient's levels exceed. Alipidemia (D) refers to absence of lipids, which is not the case here.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse cares for four patients who are receiving clozapine, lithium, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine, respectively. With which patient should the nurse be most alert for alterations in cardiac or cerebral electrical conductivity and fluid and electrolyte imbalance? The patient receiving:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lithium (Lithobid). Lithium is known to cause alterations in cardiac conductivity, such as prolonging the QT interval, which can lead to arrhythmias. It also affects renal function, leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Clozapine, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine do not have significant effects on cardiac conductivity or fluid/electrolyte balance. Therefore, the nurse should be most alert for these issues in the patient receiving lithium.
Question 4 of 5
A patient states, “I’m going to have a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. What are the doctors going to learn from it?” The best reply would be:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "They will learn about the activity in various portions of your brain." A PET scan measures metabolic activity in the brain by detecting the distribution of a radioactive tracer. This helps doctors assess brain function, diagnose conditions like Alzheimer's or epilepsy, and monitor treatment response. Choice A is incorrect as PET scans can also detect brain activity, not just tumors and scars. Choice C is incorrect as outlining brain structures is typically done with other imaging techniques like MRI. Choice D is incorrect as PET scans have significant clinical utility in various medical specialties.
Question 5 of 5
When administering a neuromuscular blocking drug such as pancuronium (Pavulon), the nurse needs to remember which principle?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because neuromuscular blocking drugs like pancuronium cause paralysis of skeletal muscles, including respiratory muscles. This results in the need for artificial mechanical ventilation to support breathing. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because neuromuscular blocking drugs do not provide anesthesia, only muscle paralysis; they paralyze all skeletal muscles, including respiratory muscles; and they do not provide sedation or pain relief, but rather require additional anesthesia and pain management.