Which medication is used to treat hypertension by relaxing the blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Enalapril, Lisinopril, and Losartan are all medications known as ACE inhibitors or ARBs, which work by relaxing blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart, thus effectively treating hypertension. Enalapril and Lisinopril are ACE inhibitors, while Losartan is an ARB. These medications help lower blood pressure by blocking certain enzymes or receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased cardiac workload. Therefore, all three choices are correct as they all target the same mechanism of action in treating hypertension.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Celecoxib. Celecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly prescribed to treat acute pain and inflammation in conditions like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It works by inhibiting the COX-2 enzyme, reducing inflammation and pain. Furosemide (B) is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention, not pain or inflammation. Gabapentin (C) is an anticonvulsant primarily used for nerve pain and seizures, not inflammation. Clonazepam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and seizures, not for pain and inflammation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Colchicine. Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation in affected joints. It works by decreasing the inflammatory response caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints. Colchicine is not used for long-term prevention of gout attacks like Allopurinol, which is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that lowers uric acid levels. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can be used to reduce inflammation in gout but is not the first-line treatment. Furosemide is a diuretic used to treat conditions like edema and hypertension, not gout.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys. Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, which prevents the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine. This mechanism helps lower blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because dapagliflozin does not directly impact insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, or incretin hormone breakdown. It primarily acts on the kidneys to reduce blood glucose levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Clopidogrel (Choice C) because it is an antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots. Aspirin (Choice A) also inhibits platelet aggregation but is not as specific as Clopidogrel. Warfarin (Choice B) is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the synthesis of clotting factors, not platelet aggregation. Enoxaparin (Choice D) is a low molecular weight heparin that works by inhibiting clot formation through a different mechanism than platelet aggregation. Therefore, Clopidogrel is the most appropriate choice for preventing blood clots by targeting platelet aggregation specifically.