Which medication is used to prevent blood clots by thinning the blood, reducing the risk of stroke and heart attack?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anticoagulant. Anticoagulants prevent blood clots by thinning the blood, reducing the risk of stroke and heart attack. They work by inhibiting clot formation. ACE inhibitors (B), Beta-blockers (C), and Calcium channel blockers (D) are not used to prevent blood clots. ACE inhibitors are used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, Beta-blockers are used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions, and Calcium channel blockers are used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Give Digibind as an antidote. Digibind is the specific antidote for severe digoxin toxicity. It works by binding to the excess digoxin in the body, preventing it from exerting its toxic effects. This action helps to rapidly reduce the digoxin levels in the body and reverse the toxicity. Checking the potassium level (choice A) is important but not the priority when the client is experiencing severe toxicity. Changing the dosing of digoxin (choice C) or administering a potassium supplement (choice D) would not address the immediate need to counteract the toxicity. The priority is to administer Digibind to quickly neutralize the digoxin and prevent further harm.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: This is a normal side effect of nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that relaxes blood vessels, including those in the head, leading to headaches. The nurse should explain that this is a common and expected side effect of the medication. B: This is incorrect because a headache from nitroglycerin is not indicative of an allergic reaction. C: This is incorrect as a headache is not typically a sign of overdose with nitroglycerin. D: This is incorrect as a headache from nitroglycerin is not specifically linked to heart failure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers inhibit the entry of calcium into cardiac muscle cells, leading to relaxation of blood vessels and decreased cardiac contractility. This results in vasodilation and decreased cardiac output, ultimately lowering blood pressure. Choice A is incorrect as calcium channel blockers typically lead to decreased heart rate due to reduced contractility. Choice B is incorrect as calcium channel blockers do not increase heart rate. Choice C is incorrect as the vasodilatory effect of calcium channel blockers typically leads to decreased blood pressure, not increased.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bleeding. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that can increase the risk of bleeding due to its mechanism of action in preventing blood clot formation. Monitoring for signs of bleeding such as easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, blood in urine or stool is crucial. Incorrect Choices: B: Hypertension - Clopidogrel does not typically cause hypertension. C: Tachycardia - Clopidogrel does not affect heart rate in a way that would lead to tachycardia. D: Bradycardia - Clopidogrel is not associated with causing bradycardia. In summary, monitoring for bleeding is essential when a client is on clopidogrel due to its antiplatelet effects, while hypertension, tachycardia, and bradycardia are not typically associated adverse effects of this medication.