Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the treatment of alcohol use disorder, the medication commonly used is Disulfiram (option C). Disulfiram works by causing unpleasant effects such as nausea, vomiting, and palpitations when alcohol is consumed, thus acting as a deterrent to drinking. This medication helps individuals maintain sobriety by creating a negative association with alcohol consumption. Methadone (option A) is used in the treatment of opioid dependence, not alcohol use disorder. Bromocriptine (option B) is a medication used for conditions like Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia, not alcohol use disorder. Naltrexone (option D) is also used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder, but it works differently from Disulfiram. Naltrexone reduces alcohol cravings and the pleasurable effects of alcohol, while Disulfiram causes unpleasant reactions if alcohol is consumed. In an educational context, understanding the pharmacological interventions for alcohol use disorder is crucial for healthcare professionals working in behavioral nursing. Knowing the mechanisms of action of different medications helps in providing appropriate and effective treatment to individuals struggling with alcohol use disorder. By grasping the rationale behind the correct medication, healthcare providers can make informed decisions to support their patients in achieving and maintaining sobriety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Elevated mood, increased energy, and impulsive behavior. During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals often exhibit symptoms such as heightened mood, increased energy levels, impulsivity, racing thoughts, and decreased need for sleep. These symptoms can lead to risky behaviors and poor decision-making. Option A) Lethargy and lack of interest in activities is incorrect because these are characteristics of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, not the manic phase. Option C) Frequent crying episodes and withdrawal from others are more indicative of symptoms seen in the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, not the manic phase. Option D) Hypersomnia (excessive sleeping) and difficulty concentrating are also more commonly associated with the depressive phase of bipolar disorder, rather than the manic phase. Educationally, understanding the symptoms of bipolar disorder in its different phases is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care and interventions for patients. Recognizing the distinct behaviors seen in the manic phase helps nurses ensure patient safety, manage symptoms effectively, and provide support during episodes of mania. This knowledge also aids in developing individualized care plans and promoting a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of Alzheimer's disease, the correct answer is B) Age. This is because advancing age is the single greatest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease. As individuals grow older, the risk of developing this condition increases significantly. This is attributed to the natural aging process, which can lead to changes in the brain that make individuals more susceptible to developing Alzheimer's. Genetics (option A) also play a role in Alzheimer's disease, but it is not as significant as age. While having a family history of the disease can increase one's risk, age remains the primary factor. History of Down syndrome (option C) is a risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's disease, but it is not as common as age-related Alzheimer's. Androgen deprivation therapy (option D) is not a recognized risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In an educational context, it is important for the community health nurse to emphasize the impact of age as the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Understanding this can help individuals take proactive steps to maintain brain health as they age, such as engaging in cognitive activities, staying socially connected, and adopting a healthy lifestyle. By raising awareness about the significance of age in Alzheimer's risk, the nurse can empower individuals to make informed decisions about their brain health as they grow older.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Increased suicidal thoughts or behaviors. When a patient with major depressive disorder is prescribed an antidepressant, there is a risk of increased suicidal ideation, especially in the initial stages of treatment. This phenomenon, known as activation syndrome, can occur as the antidepressant starts to take effect before mood improvement is observed. Therefore, close monitoring for any signs of increased suicidal thoughts or behaviors is crucial to ensure the safety of the patient. Option A) Increased energy and insomnia may actually be expected side effects of some antidepressants as they can have activating properties. However, this is not the most critical side effect to monitor in a patient with major depressive disorder. Option B) Decreased appetite and weight loss are common side effects of some antidepressants, but they are not as immediately concerning as increased suicidal thoughts or behaviors in a patient with major depressive disorder. Option C) Dizziness and confusion are potential side effects of medications, but they are not the primary side effects to monitor for in this specific case. In an educational context, understanding the potential side effects of medications used in behavioral nursing is essential for providing safe and effective care to patients. Nurses need to be vigilant in monitoring for both common and serious side effects, especially in patients with mental health conditions. Recognizing and addressing adverse effects promptly can help prevent complications and ensure optimal outcomes for patients undergoing treatment for major depressive disorder.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In assessing a patient with bulimia nervosa, monitoring for self-induced vomiting and the use of laxatives after meals is crucial. This behavior is characteristic of bulimia nervosa, where individuals engage in binge eating episodes followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting or laxative use to prevent weight gain. By choosing option C, the nurse can identify potential signs of this eating disorder and provide appropriate care and interventions. Option A is incorrect as excessive weight gain and sedentary behavior are not typically associated with bulimia nervosa. Option B describes behaviors more in line with anorexia nervosa, where individuals exhibit extreme weight loss and restrict their food intake significantly. Option D describes binge eating followed by purging behaviors, which is indeed a characteristic of bulimia nervosa. However, the specific purging behaviors mentioned in option C (self-induced vomiting and laxative use) are more indicative of bulimia nervosa than just general purging. Educationally, understanding the specific behaviors associated with different eating disorders is essential for nurses to accurately assess and provide care for patients with these conditions. By recognizing the unique signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa, nurses can intervene early, provide appropriate support, and help patients on the path to recovery.