Which medication is commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above). Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and Fluvastatin are all examples of statins, a class of medications that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase enzyme to lower cholesterol levels. Statins work by blocking the production of cholesterol in the liver, leading to decreased LDL (bad) cholesterol and increased HDL (good) cholesterol levels. Each of these medications has a slightly different potency and dosing regimen, but they all target the same enzyme and have similar mechanisms of action. Therefore, choosing all of the above as the correct answer is appropriate as they are all commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Simvastatin is a statin drug known to lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. 2. Hyperlipidemia is characterized by high levels of lipids in the blood, making statins the ideal treatment. 3. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, not indicated for hyperlipidemia. 4. Albuterol is a bronchodilator used for asthma, not hyperlipidemia. 5. Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker for hypertension, not hyperlipidemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of bronchospasm. Albuterol is a bronchodilator commonly used to relieve bronchospasm in conditions like asthma. Before exercise, albuterol can help prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm by opening up the airways and making breathing easier. Choice B, pain management, is incorrect as albuterol is not used for pain relief. Choice C, reduction of blood pressure, is incorrect as albuterol primarily targets the lungs, not the cardiovascular system. Choice D, treatment of COPD, is incorrect as while albuterol can be used in COPD management, using it specifically before exercise is more indicative of preventing bronchospasm in asthma.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist that works by binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, leading to the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. This results in bronchodilation, which helps in relieving asthma symptoms. Choice A is incorrect as salmeterol does not block the action of histamine. Choice C is incorrect as salmeterol does not inhibit the release of leukotrienes. Choice D is incorrect as salmeterol does not block acetylcholine receptors in the lungs. In summary, the correct answer B is based on the mechanism of action of salmeterol as a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, leading to bronchodilation and improved breathing in asthma patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that works by blocking histamine receptors in the respiratory tract. Histamine is released during an allergic reaction and causes symptoms like a runny nose. By blocking histamine receptors, diphenhydramine effectively reduces these symptoms. Therefore, option A is correct. Option B is incorrect because diphenhydramine does not stimulate beta-2 receptors. Option C is incorrect as diphenhydramine does not increase mucus production. Option D is incorrect as diphenhydramine does not block acetylcholine receptors in the brain.