Which medication is commonly prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia by lowering LDL cholesterol levels?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin are all statin medications commonly prescribed for hypercholesterolemia by lowering LDL cholesterol levels. They work by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, thus reducing LDL levels. Choosing "All of the above" (D) is correct because all three medications are effective in treating hypercholesterolemia. The other choices are incorrect because each of them individually is a valid treatment option for lowering LDL cholesterol levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking leukotriene receptors in the lungs. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, which works by blocking the action of leukotrienes, inflammatory mediators that cause bronchoconstriction and inflammation in asthma. By blocking leukotriene receptors, montelukast helps to reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammation in the lungs, thereby improving asthma symptoms. B: Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors is incorrect because montelukast does not directly stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors. C: Inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells is incorrect because montelukast does not inhibit histamine release; it specifically targets leukotriene receptors. D: Increasing acetylcholine release in the lungs is incorrect because montelukast does not affect acetylcholine release.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nitroglycerin is the correct answer for treating acute angina attacks. It is a vasodilator that helps relax and widen blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the heart muscle. This relieves chest pain during an angina attack. Aspirin is not typically used to treat acute angina attacks but is used for its antiplatelet effects in preventing heart attacks. Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide are not indicated for the acute treatment of angina attacks as they are blood pressure medications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibiting glucagon release from the pancreas. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, which stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon release from the pancreas. By inhibiting glucagon release, liraglutide helps lower blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because liraglutide does not directly increase insulin secretion, improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, or inhibit the absorption of glucose in the intestines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metformin is the correct answer as it works by increasing insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. It does this by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin utilization in peripheral tissues. Insulin (A) is not used to increase insulin sensitivity but to directly lower blood sugar levels. Sulfonylureas (C) and DPP-4 inhibitors (D) work by stimulating insulin release and inhibiting its breakdown respectively, not by increasing insulin sensitivity.