ATI RN
Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which medication classification is used to decrease preload in patients with heart failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diuretics. Diuretics are used to decrease preload in heart failure patients by promoting diuresis, reducing fluid volume, and subsequently decreasing the pressure within the heart chambers. This helps to alleviate symptoms of fluid overload and reduce cardiac workload. Corticosteroids (B) are not typically used for preload reduction in heart failure. Beta blockers (C) and calcium channel blockers (D) primarily work by reducing afterload and improving cardiac function, rather than directly targeting preload reduction.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is administered cefotetan for a urinary tract infection. After two days, the patient complains of stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating, itching, and headache. The patient also has decreased blood pressure. How would you interpret the assessment?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because cefotetan can cause a disulfiram-like reaction when combined with ethanol, leading to symptoms such as stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, sweating, itching, headache, and decreased blood pressure. This reaction occurs due to the inhibition of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase by cefotetan, leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde when ethanol is consumed. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not explain the specific symptoms experienced by the patient, which are indicative of a disulfiram-like reaction triggered by the interaction between cefotetan and ethanol.
Question 3 of 5
A 24 year old patient is diagnosed with genital herpes simplex virus infection. Which of the following agents is indicated for use in this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Valacyclovir. Valacyclovir is a prodrug of acyclovir, which is the first-line treatment for genital herpes simplex virus infection. Acyclovir inhibits viral DNA synthesis by competing with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase. This leads to the termination of viral replication. Lamivudine (A) is used for HIV and hepatitis B infections. Cidofovir (B) is used for cytomegalovirus and other DNA virus infections, but not for herpes simplex virus. Zanamivir (D) is used for influenza viruses, not herpes simplex virus.
Question 4 of 5
Below question: don't know the correct combination. Below is what was picked but incorrect. An elderly patient with hypertension and hyperlipidemia who has been prescribed a statin medication comes for a follow up visit after four months of therapy. The patient's laboratory reports show elevated blood cholesterol levels, in the urine examination reveals rhabdomyolysis. What would be the reasons for this condition? Select all that apply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because consuming fiber-rich foods can interfere with the absorption of statins, leading to decreased effectiveness and potential elevation in cholesterol levels. Fiber binds to statins in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing their absorption. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because cyclosporine, grapefruit juice, and amiodarone are known to interact with statins but do not directly cause rhabdomyolysis or elevated cholesterol levels in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is prescribed ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin transdermal contraceptive patch. Which statement, if made by the patient, indicates an understanding of the use of this drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): 1. The patient stating "I will remove the patch each month and replace it with a new patch 1 week later" indicates understanding of the correct usage of the contraceptive patch. 2. Ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin are combined hormonal contraceptives that require a once-weekly application for 3 weeks followed by a patch-free week to allow for menstruation. 3. This statement reflects proper adherence to the dosing schedule, ensuring continuous contraceptive efficacy and hormone levels. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A. The patch does not act as a physical barrier; it releases hormones to prevent pregnancy. B. Ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin are combined hormonal contraceptives, not progestin-only, so side effects may vary. D. The patch should be applied to the skin, not in the vaginal area, and is not meant for immediate use before intercourse.