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Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which mechanism of action or pharmacological action is best associated with sitagliptin (januvia) and saxagliptin (onglyza)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Sitagliptin and saxagliptin are both DDP-4 inhibitors. 2. DDP-4 inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme DDP-4, which degrades incretin hormones. 3. Incretin hormones increase insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion. 4. This results in improved blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Summary: A: Binds PPAR-Gamma - Incorrect, as sitagliptin and saxagliptin do not bind PPAR-Gamma. B: Decreases insulin resistance - Incorrect, as DDP-4 inhibitors primarily work on incretin hormones. C: Increases insulin sensitivity - Incorrect, as the main action of DDP-4 inhibitors is through incretin hormones, not directly on insulin sensitivity.
Question 2 of 5
Which benzodiazepines are commonly used as sleep aids? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answers for benzodiazepines commonly used as sleep aids are Temazepam. Temazepam is a benzodiazepine that is specifically indicated for the treatment of insomnia. It has a relatively short onset of action and duration of effect, making it suitable for sleep induction. Flurazepam is also used as a sleep aid due to its long half-life, but it is less commonly prescribed compared to Temazepam. Chlor diazepoxide and Triazolam are not typically used as sleep aids. Chlor diazepoxide is more commonly used for alcohol withdrawal and anxiety disorders, while Triazolam is used for the short-term treatment of insomnia but has a higher potential for abuse and dependence compared to Temazepam.
Question 3 of 5
Which medication should not be administered with tetracycline?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mylanta. Tetracycline can form insoluble complexes with divalent or trivalent cations, such as aluminum, magnesium, calcium, and iron, reducing its absorption and effectiveness. Mylanta contains aluminum and magnesium, which can bind to tetracycline, leading to reduced therapeutic effects. Choices A, B, and C (Ativan, Tylenol, Colace) do not contain cations that interfere with tetracycline absorption.
Question 4 of 5
Which is the best description of when drug interactions occur?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because drug interactions occur when one drug alters the effect of another drug by affecting its pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic properties. This can lead to either potentiation or reduction of the drug's effects. Choice A is incorrect as toxic dosages do not necessarily lead to drug interactions. Choice B is incorrect as an increase in pharmacodynamics of bound drugs does not necessarily involve interactions with other drugs. Choice D is incorrect because an increase in drug excretion does not directly relate to drug interactions.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs would be appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluconazole. This drug is appropriate for the patient likely suffering from a fungal infection like Candida. Nystatin (A) is also an antifungal but is more commonly used topically. Metronidazole (B) is an antibiotic used for bacterial infections. Acyclovir (D) is an antiviral used for herpes infections. In this case, the patient's symptoms point towards a fungal infection, making Fluconazole the most suitable choice.