Which measure is used to relieve the symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of managing left-sided heart failure, elevating the patient's head is the correct measure to relieve symptoms. By elevating the head of the bed, gravity helps to reduce the pooling of blood in the lungs, which can alleviate symptoms such as shortness of breath and respiratory distress commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. Weighing the patient daily (Option A) is important for monitoring fluid retention but does not directly address symptom relief. Applying an abdominal binder (Option B) is not a recommended intervention for left-sided heart failure and may not provide any benefit in this context. Maintaining total bed rest (Option C) can lead to deconditioning and worsen symptoms over time, so it is not a suitable approach for managing heart failure. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to understand the rationale behind specific interventions for heart failure management. Elevating the patient's head is a practical, evidence-based measure that can help improve the patient's comfort and respiratory function. Educating patients about the importance of proper positioning and other self-care strategies is also essential in empowering them to manage their condition effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of a patient with constrictive pericarditis experiencing chest pain and receiving morphine, sitting forward (option A) is the correct choice for pain relief. This position decreases the pressure on the pericardium and improves venous return to the heart, thus reducing the strain on the heart muscle and alleviating symptoms. Lying supine (option B) would worsen the symptoms by increasing pressure on the pericardium and heart, exacerbating the chest pain. Taking deep breaths (option C) and coughing (option D) can also increase intra-thoracic pressure, leading to more discomfort for the patient with constrictive pericarditis. From an educational standpoint, understanding the pathophysiology of constrictive pericarditis and its impact on cardiac function is crucial for providing appropriate care. This question highlights the importance of positioning in managing symptoms and optimizing patient comfort in cardiovascular conditions. It reinforces the principle that clinical decisions should be based on a solid understanding of the underlying disease process to ensure the best outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the right ventricle. The right ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery for oxygenation. This process occurs during the pulmonary circulation phase of the cardiac cycle. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then contracts to push the blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, which is then pumped into the left ventricle for distribution to the rest of the body. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly involve the ejection of blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Left circumflex artery. This artery branches off the left coronary artery and supplies the left atrium and the posterior lateral surface of the left ventricle. The Left anterior descending artery (C) supplies the anterior surface of the left ventricle. The Right coronary artery (A) supplies the right atrium and right ventricle. The Posterior descending artery (D) is a branch of the right coronary artery and supplies the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Therefore, B is the correct answer based on the specific areas supplied by each artery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers. After the AV node, the electrical impulse is transmitted to the Bundle of His, which then branches into the Purkinje fibers to spread the impulse throughout the ventricles. This sequence ensures coordinated and efficient contraction of the heart muscle. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the physiological pathway of the electrical conduction system of the heart. The Purkinje fibers are responsible for transmitting the impulse to the ventricles, not the atria or vice versa as suggested in the other choices.