Which manifestation is characterized by eczematous eruptions with well-defined geometric margins?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is characterized by eczematous eruptions with well-defined geometric margins due to direct contact with an irritant or allergen. Choice A is incorrect as drug eruptions typically present with bright red erythematous macules and papules. Choice B describes atopic dermatitis, which presents with lichenification, scaling, and excoriation. Choice D, nonspecific eczematous dermatitis, is a general term and does not specify the well-defined geometric margins seen in contact dermatitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Perspiration is the correct answer as it helps to cool the body through evaporation, restoring normal body temperature. When the body temperature is elevated, sweat glands release sweat which evaporates, taking away heat from the body. Hypoventilation reduces oxygen intake, shivering generates heat, and piloerection (goosebumps) traps air to insulate the body, all of which do not directly help in cooling the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and generate ATP through cellular respiration. They contain specialized structures like the electron transport chain and ATP synthase which are involved in ATP production. Centrioles (A) are involved in cell division, lysosomes (C) contain digestive enzymes, and Golgi complex (D) is responsible for processing and packaging proteins, none of which are directly involved in ATP production.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To protect the skin from UV radiation. Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin that acts as a natural defense mechanism against UV radiation. It absorbs and scatters UV light, preventing damage to the skin cells and reducing the risk of skin cancer. Choices B and C are incorrect because while melanin does contribute to skin color, its primary function is UV protection. It also does not directly regulate body temperature. Choice D is incorrect as melanin does not regulate body temperature.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absent urine output for 2 hours. This finding requires immediate intervention as it may indicate urinary obstruction, which can lead to serious complications like renal failure. The nurse should assess for catheter kinks, blockages, or dislodgement. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are common symptoms associated with renal calculi and do not require immediate intervention. Flank pain and lower abdomen radiation are typical of renal calculi. Nausea can be due to pain or irritation caused by the calculus. Feeling sweaty may be due to pain or anxiety.