ATI RN
History of Public Health Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which major public health law passed in 1970 established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The Environmental Protection Agency Act. This law, passed in 1970, specifically established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States. The EPA was created to protect human health and the environment by enforcing regulations related to pollution control, environmental assessments, and more. Explanation: 1. The Clean Air Act (A) focuses on air pollution control and was passed in 1970 as well, but it did not establish the EPA. 2. The National Environmental Policy Act (B) requires federal agencies to consider environmental impacts in decision-making but did not establish the EPA. 3. The Toxic Substances Control Act (D) regulates chemicals but was passed in 1976 and did not establish the EPA. In summary, the correct answer is C because it directly established the EPA in 1970, while the other choices are focused on different aspects of environmental regulation.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following health milestones was achieved through the success of global immunization programs in the 20th century?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The eradication of smallpox. This milestone was achieved through widespread global immunization programs, specifically the World Health Organization's Smallpox Eradication Program. Smallpox is the only human disease to have been eradicated through vaccination efforts. Other choices are incorrect because malaria has not been eradicated, tuberculosis cases have been reduced but not eradicated, and polio has not been eliminated globally despite significant progress.
Question 3 of 5
Which key historical figure is known for his work in reducing the incidence of puerperal fever through antiseptic practices?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ignaz Semmelweis. Semmelweis is known for his work in reducing puerperal fever by implementing antiseptic practices in obstetric clinics. He introduced handwashing with chlorinated lime solutions to reduce the spread of infection. Louis Pasteur is known for germ theory, not specifically for puerperal fever. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine. Joseph Lister is known for pioneering antiseptic surgery techniques, but Semmelweis specifically focused on puerperal fever in obstetric settings. Therefore, the correct choice is C.
Question 4 of 5
What was the primary focus of the sanitary movement of the 19th century?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the primary focus of the sanitary movement in the 19th century was the improvement of public sanitation systems. This focus aimed to prevent the spread of diseases by implementing better sanitation practices such as clean water supply and waste disposal. National health insurance (A), smoking-related illnesses (C), and mental health care (D) were not the primary objectives of the sanitary movement during that time period.
Question 5 of 5
The introduction of which global health initiative in the mid-20th century helped drastically reduce the prevalence of polio worldwide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The Polio Eradication Initiative. This initiative, launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the mid-20th century, specifically targeted the eradication of polio through vaccination campaigns. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The WHO Global Health Initiative is too broad and does not specifically address polio eradication. C: The Smallpox Eradication Program, while successful in eradicating smallpox, is not directly related to the reduction of polio prevalence. D: The Global Vaccination Program is too generic and does not specify the focused effort needed to combat polio.