ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which location is the area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are resorbed back into the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream is the proximal tubule. In the nephron, the proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing approximately 65-70% of filtered sodium and water. This reabsorption is crucial for maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and blood volume. The proximal tubule is lined with specialized cells that actively transport sodium ions out of the tubular fluid, creating an osmotic gradient that allows for passive reabsorption of water. This efficient reabsorption process helps to ensure that essential substances are conserved while waste products are excreted in the urine.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse reviews the patient’s medication history. Based on the patient’s prolonged use of topical corticosteroids, which assessment will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prolonged use of topical corticosteroids can cause thinning of the skin (B) and purpura (D) due to decreased collagen production and increased fragility of blood vessels. Weight gain (A) is associated with systemic, not topical, corticosteroid use. Erythematous lesions (C) are not typically caused by topical corticosteroids.
Question 3 of 5
A 33-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by her mother. The patient had a sudden onset of fever and her temperature is now 40°C (104°F). She has no sick contacts. The mother mentions that she is on a medication for schizophrenia but could not remember the name. A complete blood count shows 250 neutrophils per microliter. Which of the following medications is she likely taking?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fever and severe neutropenia (250 neutrophils/μL) in a schizophrenic patient suggest clozapine . Clozapine causes agranulocytosis, a rare but serious side effect requiring monitoring. Olanzapine , Quetiapine , Risperidone , and Haloperidol (E) rarely cause this. Clozapine's risk explains the acute presentation, necessitating immediate cessation.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has received an overdose of intravenous heparin, and is showing signs of excessive bleeding. Which substance is the antidote for heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose. Heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the activity of thrombin and preventing blood clot formation. In the case of an overdose leading to excessive bleeding, protamine sulfate can be administered to neutralize the effects of heparin. Protamine sulfate forms a complex with heparin, therefore reversing its anticoagulant effects and helping to stop the bleeding. This antidote is especially useful in situations where immediate reversal of heparin's effects is necessary to prevent serious complications.
Question 5 of 5
The following drugs obey non-linear (dose-dependent) elimination pharmacokinetics:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phenytoin exhibits non-linear kinetics because its elimination pathways become saturated at therapeutic doses, leading to a disproportionate rise in plasma levels with dose increases.