Which level of prevention is a community health nurse (CHN) practising when she offers homeless clients yearly tuberculosis (TB) screening and free treatment for those who test positive?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. The CHN is conducting TB screening and treatment for homeless clients who test positive, which falls under secondary prevention aimed at early detection and treatment to prevent the spread of TB. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the disease before it occurs, such as through education and vaccination. Tertiary prevention involves managing and treating the disease to prevent complications and further spread. Choice D is incorrect because the activities described only align with secondary prevention, not tertiary prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Establishing support groups for caregivers of older parents. This strategy is the most effective secondary prevention method as it provides caregivers with emotional support, coping strategies, and a sense of community. Support groups can help caregivers feel less isolated, share experiences, and learn from others facing similar challenges. Option A only assesses coping mechanisms but does not provide ongoing support. Option B offers temporary relief but does not address the root cause of stress. Option D may not be feasible for all caregivers and does not address the emotional aspect of stress. Support groups are a holistic approach to addressing caregiver stress by providing ongoing support and resources.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This action focuses on preventing the occurrence of disease by educating the client on sterilizing needles to reduce the risk of infection and transmission of blood-borne diseases. This falls under primary prevention as it aims to stop the disease from occurring in the first place. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent its progression, which is not the focus here. Tertiary prevention involves managing the complications of a disease to prevent further deterioration, which is also not the focus in this scenario. The correct answer emphasizes the importance of addressing the root cause of the issue to prevent disease transmission.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trauma-informed care. This approach acknowledges the influence of past traumas on an individual's current health and mental health conditions. It emphasizes understanding the impact of trauma, creating a safe environment, and empowering individuals in their healing journey. B: Primary care focuses on general healthcare services, not necessarily trauma-informed. C: Secondary care typically refers to specialized medical services, not specifically trauma-related. D: Harm reduction is a strategy to minimize the negative consequences of risky behaviors, not necessarily focused on addressing past traumas' impacts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because giving a tetanus booster every 10 years is an example of primary prevention. This intervention aims to prevent the occurrence of tetanus by boosting immunity before exposure to the bacteria. Choice B is incorrect as it represents secondary prevention by providing treatment after exposure. Choice C is also incorrect as it is a form of passive immunization after exposure. Choice D is incorrect as it involves treatment after the disease has already manifested, which is considered tertiary prevention.