Which level of prevention activities would a nurse in an emergency department employ most often?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. In an emergency department, nurses focus on early detection and treatment of health issues to prevent complications. This aligns with secondary prevention, which aims to identify and treat diseases in their early stages to prevent further harm. Primary prevention (A) focuses on preventing the onset of diseases, which is not the main role in an emergency department. Tertiary prevention (C) involves managing and reducing the impact of ongoing diseases, which is not the immediate priority in the emergency setting. Preventive activities (D) is a vague term that could encompass primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention efforts, but in this context, secondary prevention is the most relevant for emergency department nurses.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clinics supplemented by general hospital units. The Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health recommended an increase in community-based mental health services, including clinics supplemented by general hospital units, to provide more accessible and comprehensive care for individuals with mental health issues. This shift in focus from institutional care to community-based services aimed to improve overall mental health care delivery and outcomes. Incorrect choices: A: Numbers of mental health hospitals - The report actually recommended a decrease in reliance on mental health hospitals. B: State funding for mental health care - While funding is important, the report focused more on the type and delivery of mental health services rather than just funding. D: Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists - While psychotherapy is a valuable treatment modality, the report focused on broader system-level recommendations rather than specific treatment methods.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ego. The ability to form mutually satisfying relationships is a function of the ego in Freud's personality structure. The ego mediates between the id's instinctual drives and the superego's moral constraints, allowing individuals to interact with others in a socially acceptable manner. The ego helps balance personal desires with societal norms, enabling individuals to navigate relationships effectively. Incorrect Choices: A: Defense mechanisms - Defense mechanisms are strategies used by the ego to manage anxiety and protect the individual from distressing thoughts or feelings. While defense mechanisms play a role in coping with conflicts, they are not directly responsible for forming satisfying relationships. B: Unconscious - The unconscious contains repressed thoughts, memories, and desires that influence behavior. Although the unconscious plays a significant role in shaping personality, the ability to form satisfying relationships is not solely attributed to the unconscious. C: Id - The id represents innate, primal drives seeking immediate gratification. While the id influences behavior and desires, it is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is C: "These are the results of the drug that can be treated; your illness is not getting worse." This response acknowledges the side effects of the antipsychotic medication (extrapyramidal symptoms) while reassuring the patient that these symptoms can be managed without indicating a worsening of their condition. It demonstrates empathy, provides accurate information, and offers hope for improvement. Explanation of other choices: A: This response is dismissive and invalidates the patient's experience, which can be harmful to the therapeutic relationship. B: Allergy is not the cause of extrapyramidal symptoms, so changing medication based on this assumption is incorrect and may lead to unnecessary changes. D: Blaming sunlight for the symptoms is inaccurate and does not address the underlying issue of medication side effects, potentially causing confusion for the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adolescents mourn by talking about the loss. This is because adolescents tend to process their grief by verbalizing their feelings and thoughts. Adolescents are typically more vocal about their emotions and seek support through communication. This contrasts with children who may view death as reversible (A), adults who may need repeated explanations to understand the loss (C), and adults who may feel pressured by a time limit for socially acceptable grieving (D). Talking about the loss helps adolescents express their emotions and cope effectively with their grief.