Which level of care serves as a referral center for primary health facilities?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Tertiary care serves as a referral center for primary health facilities due to its specialized services and expertise in complex medical conditions. It offers advanced diagnostic and treatment options beyond what primary and secondary levels can provide. Primary care (C) focuses on preventive and basic health services. Secondary care (A) offers specialized services like outpatient care and diagnostic procedures. Intermediate care (D) is not a standard level in the healthcare system and does not fit the description of a referral center for primary health facilities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "To complete the clinical picture of chronic diseases and describe their natural history." This objective is not typically a primary focus of the Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS). The main purpose of FHSIS is to collect and provide standardized, facility-level data for monitoring and evaluation of health programs. Rationale: A: Incorrect. Completing the clinical picture of chronic diseases is more aligned with clinical research and patient care, not with the primary objective of FHSIS. B: Incorrect. Providing a standardized database for more in-depth studies is a key objective of FHSIS, enabling researchers to access and analyze data. C: Incorrect. Minimizing recording burden and allowing more time for patient care is a potential benefit of FHSIS, but not its primary objective. D: Incorrect. Ensuring useful, accurate, and timely data dissemination is a core objective of FHSIS to support evidence-based decision-making.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Intermediate level of care. Intermediate level facilities are capable of performing minor surgeries and simple laboratory examinations due to their higher level of resources and expertise compared to primary health care facilities. Secondary level facilities (A) provide more specialized care but may not necessarily have the capacity for minor surgeries and lab tests. Tertiary level facilities (B) offer complex and specialized treatments, typically beyond minor surgeries and simple lab examinations. Primary health care facilities (D) focus on basic healthcare services and preventive care, lacking the resources and expertise for minor surgeries and lab tests. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it aligns with the capability of providing both minor surgeries and simple laboratory examinations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Statistics. Statistics is the systematic approach of obtaining, organizing, and analyzing numerical facts to draw conclusions. Vital statistics (A) refer to data related to births, deaths, marriages, and divorces. Morbidity (C) refers to the incidence of illness in a population. Mortality (D) refers to the incidence of death in a population. Therefore, the other choices are incorrect as they do not specifically pertain to the systematic approach of analyzing numerical facts.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it provides a comprehensive and accurate definition of public health. It mentions key components such as preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through community efforts. It also includes essential public health activities like sanitation, disease control, and health education. Explanation: 1. Preventing disease: Public health aims to prevent illnesses and promote well-being. 2. Prolonging life: Public health initiatives seek to increase life expectancy and quality of life. 3. Promoting health through community efforts: Collaborative community actions are crucial for improving public health. 4. Organized community efforts for sanitation, disease control, and health education: These are fundamental aspects of public health practice, making option D the most comprehensive and accurate definition. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not encompass the breadth and specificity of public health activities and goals outlined in option D. Option A focuses on individual well-being rather than community efforts, while B and C are vague and lack

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because epidemiology not only focuses on studying the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events but also emphasizes applying this knowledge to control health problems. Choice A is incorrect because it lacks the application aspect. Choice C is incorrect as it specifically mentions social factors, which is a narrower focus than epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses solely on health systems and services, neglecting the broader scope of epidemiology. In summary, choice B aligns with the comprehensive nature of epidemiology by encompassing both study and application aspects.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Tertiary care serves as a referral center for primary health facilities due to its specialized services and expertise in complex medical conditions. It offers advanced diagnostic and treatment options beyond what primary and secondary levels can provide. Primary care (C) focuses on preventive and basic health services. Secondary care (A) offers specialized services like outpatient care and diagnostic procedures. Intermediate care (D) is not a standard level in the healthcare system and does not fit the description of a referral center for primary health facilities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health threats. Health threats refer to conditions that can cause disease or injury and hinder individuals from achieving their optimal health. This term encompasses various factors such as environmental hazards, lifestyle choices, and genetic predispositions. Choosing A (Aggregate of people) is incorrect because it refers to a group of individuals rather than specific conditions affecting health. Option C (Health need) is incorrect as it focuses on the necessity for healthcare services rather than the factors causing disease. Option D (Foreseeable crisis) is incorrect as it does not specifically address the conditions hindering health potential. Thus, B is the correct answer as it directly relates to the concept of promoting disease and injury prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hospital management. Public health services focus on preventing diseases and promoting community well-being, which do not directly involve managing individual healthcare institutions like hospitals. Control of communicable diseases, environmental sanitation, and health education are examples of public health services as they involve disease prevention, creating healthy environments, and educating the public on health-related issues. Hospital management, on the other hand, pertains to the administration and operation of healthcare facilities, which is not a core function of public health services.