Which leadership style is most appropriate for the community health nurse (CHN) to assume when he or she is involved in disaster management, for example, that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Democratic. In disaster management situations like the SARS outbreak, a democratic leadership style is most appropriate for a CHN. This style involves involving team members in decision-making, fostering collaboration, and valuing input from all team members. In a crisis, it is crucial to have open communication and shared decision-making to ensure effective response and coordination. Autocratic leadership (A) may stifle creativity and hinder teamwork, bureaucratic leadership (C) may slow down decision-making processes, and transactional leadership (D) focuses more on rewarding or punishing based on performance rather than fostering collaboration and teamwork essential in disaster management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A public health nurse (PHN) collaborates with community members to carry out public health functions, aligning with the principles of community empowerment and participation. This role emphasizes working together with individuals and groups to address health issues collectively. Rationale: 1. Collaboration with community members promotes community engagement and ownership of health initiatives. 2. Working with community members ensures that interventions are culturally appropriate and responsive to community needs. 3. Community involvement enhances the effectiveness and sustainability of public health programs. 4. By partnering with community members, the PHN can leverage local knowledge and resources to address health challenges efficiently. Summary: A: Incorrect. The PHN does not defer decision-making to political leaders but instead works collaboratively with community members. B: Incorrect. While the PHN assesses the community, it is in partnership with community members that appropriate interventions are decided upon. C: Incorrect. While the PHN may utilize data from healthcare institutions, the primary focus is on working

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing care for homeless individuals in hospital emergency departments is the most costly due to the high utilization of resources and staff required for acute care. Homeless individuals often lack access to primary care, leading them to seek care in emergency departments for non-emergent issues. This results in increased costs for the community due to higher hospital bills, longer wait times, and strain on healthcare resources. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly address the significant financial burden associated with providing care in hospital emergency departments for homeless individuals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trauma-informed care. This approach acknowledges the influence of past traumas on an individual's current health and mental health conditions. It emphasizes understanding the impact of trauma, creating a safe environment, and empowering individuals in their healing journey. B: Primary care focuses on general healthcare services, not necessarily trauma-informed. C: Secondary care typically refers to specialized medical services, not specifically trauma-related. D: Harm reduction is a strategy to minimize the negative consequences of risky behaviors, not necessarily focused on addressing past traumas' impacts.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community participation. In the Community Mobilization Framework, addressing community participation first within the social planning component is crucial because it ensures that community members are actively involved in decision-making processes. This approach empowers the community, increases ownership of health promotion initiatives, and promotes sustainability. Shifting power relationships (A) may come later once community participation is established. Problem solving at the community level (B) and addressing community social concerns (D) are important aspects but should be built upon a foundation of active community participation.