Which laboratory test value is elevated in clients who smoke and can't be used as a general indicator of cancer?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Alkaline phosphatase level is elevated in clients who smoke due to various reasons unrelated to cancer. Smoking leads to increased alkaline phosphatase production in the liver, and elevated levels can be attributed to liver damage caused by smoking. However, a high alkaline phosphatase level alone cannot be used as a general indicator of cancer because it is not specific to cancer and can be influenced by several other factors. Therefore, it is not a reliable marker for the presence of cancer in individuals who smoke or in the general population.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: These milestones are typically achieved around 30 months.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aphasia is a communication disorder that affects a person's ability to understand and/or produce language. In this case, Mr. Dela Isla's inability to comprehend what the nurse was saying suggests a possible impairment in his language comprehension abilities, pointing towards aphasia as the most likely condition. Symptoms of aphasia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but the common feature is difficulty with language tasks such as speaking, understanding speech, reading, and writing. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, agnosia is a sensory perception disorder, and apraxia involves difficulty with performing purposeful movements.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Etoposide is known to be associated with secondary AML due to its potential to induce chromosomal abnormalities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Diphtheria causes a characteristic grayish-white membrane in the throat that bleeds when removed, along with systemic symptoms like fever and malaise.