ATI RN
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems Edapt Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which laboratory test value does the nurse realize can contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and stroke?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased homocysteine level. Elevated homocysteine is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. High levels of homocysteine can damage the lining of blood vessels and promote blood clot formation. This increases the risk of atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular events. Incorrect choices: A: Decreased antidiuretic hormone - This hormone regulates water balance and does not directly contribute to cardiovascular disease or stroke. C: Decreased triglycerides - Low triglycerides are not a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. D: Increased high-density lipoprotein level - High levels of HDL cholesterol are actually beneficial and protective against cardiovascular disease and stroke.
Question 2 of 5
A patient diagnosed with depression tells a nurse, “I don’t feel rested. It’s as though I didn’t sleep at all.” However, comments by night shift staff show that the patient slept through most of the night. How can these two observations be reconciled?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: People with depression often experience disturbed sleep cycles, leading to sleep deprivation. Step 2: The patient's feeling of not being rested despite sleeping can be explained by the sleep disturbances associated with depression. Step 3: This discrepancy between the patient's perception and the staff's observations can be reconciled by understanding the impact of depression on sleep. Step 4: Choice C is correct as it provides a logical explanation based on the known effects of depression on sleep. Step 5: Choices A, B, and D do not address the specific relationship between depression and sleep disturbances, making them incorrect.
Question 3 of 5
During the immediate postoperative period, the Post Anesthesia Care Unit nurse is assessing a patient who had hip surgery. The patient is experiencing tachycardia, tachypnea, and muscle rigidity, and his temperature is 103° F (39.4° C). The nurse will prepare for what immediate treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: dantrolene (Dantrium) injection, a skeletal muscle relaxant. In this scenario, the patient is likely experiencing malignant hyperthermia (MH), a rare but life-threatening complication of general anesthesia. Dantrolene is the specific treatment for MH as it acts to reduce muscle rigidity and hyperthermia. Naltrexone hydrochloride (A) is used for opioid overdose, not for MH. Anticholinesterase drugs (C) are used for reversing neuromuscular blockade, not for treating MH. CPR and intubation (D) may be needed in severe cases of MH, but the immediate treatment is to administer dantrolene to reverse the condition.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient and notes a new order for an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse checks the current medication orders, knowing that this drug class may have a serious interaction with what other drug class?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). ACE inhibitors can increase the risk of kidney damage when taken with NSAIDs due to their combined effects on renal function. NSAIDs can interfere with the vasodilatory effects of ACE inhibitors, potentially leading to decreased renal blood flow and worsened kidney function. Calcium channel blockers (A), diuretics (B), and nitrates (D) do not have the same significant interaction with ACE inhibitors as NSAIDs do.
Question 5 of 5
A patient calls the clinic office saying that the cholestyramine (Questran) powder he started yesterday clumps and sticks to the glass when he tries to mix it. The nurse will suggest what method for mixing this medication for administration?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mix the powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. This method is recommended for cholestyramine (Questran) powder as it helps prevent clumping and ensures proper mixing for administration. Mixing with food or fruit can help mask the texture and taste, making it easier for the patient to consume. Additionally, mixing with an adequate amount of fluid ensures the medication is properly dissolved and absorbed in the body. Incorrect choices: A: Mixing with a carbonated soda drink is not recommended as it may not effectively dissolve the powder and may lead to clumping. B: Stirring vigorously may not be sufficient to dissolve the powder properly and could result in clumping. D: Taking the powder dry followed by water is not ideal as it may lead to difficulty swallowing and inadequate absorption of the medication.