Which laboratory results might be expected if the mother’s Rh has type O blood and the newborn’s Apgar score is low?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cord blood gas. When the mother has Rh type O blood and the newborn's Apgar score is low, it indicates potential oxygenation issues during birth. Cord blood gas analysis is crucial to assess the newborn's oxygenation status and acid-base balance. A low Apgar score suggests the need to evaluate the newborn's respiratory and metabolic functions, which can be done through cord blood gas analysis. A: Cardiac enzymes - Not relevant in this scenario as the focus is on oxygenation and respiratory function, not cardiac issues. B: Blood glucose - Not directly related to the situation described, as low Apgar score and Rh blood type are more indicative of oxygenation and potential Rh incompatibility. C: Electrolyte panel - While electrolyte imbalance is important, cord blood gas analysis provides more immediate information on oxygenation and acid-base balance, which are crucial in low Apgar score situations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decline in fetal erythrocytes around 2 months of age. Physiological anemia of infancy occurs around 2-3 months of age due to a natural decline in fetal erythrocytes. This decline is a normal process as the infant's body adjusts to extrauterine life. A: Gestational diabetes leading to LGA in the infant is unrelated to physiological anemia. B: Hypervolemia from maternal bleeding is not a known cause of physiological anemia in infants. C: Red blood cell death every 15 days is not a recognized physiological process leading to anemia in infants. In summary, the correct answer is D because it directly addresses the natural decline in fetal erythrocytes that occurs around 2 months of age, leading to physiological anemia of infancy. The other choices are incorrect as they do not provide a relevant explanation for the occurrence of physiological anemia in infants.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B (Adequate prenatal care) Rationale: 1. Adequate prenatal care allows early detection and management of risk factors for premature birth. 2. Regular check-ups help monitor fetal development and address any complications promptly. 3. Education on healthy behaviors and nutrition can reduce the likelihood of premature birth. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: High socioeconomic status - Although it may provide access to better healthcare, it does not directly prevent premature birth. C: Aid to Families with Dependent Children - Financial assistance does not directly address the medical care needed to prevent premature birth. D: WIC nutritional program - While nutrition is important, it alone may not be sufficient to prevent premature birth without proper prenatal care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse during expiration. This helps maintain alveolar stability and prevents atelectasis. Option B is incorrect because surfactant actually reduces alveolar permeability. Option C is incorrect as surfactant does not dilate bronchioles but affects alveolar stability. Option D is incorrect as surfactant's main role is in reducing surface tension, not in transporting oxygen.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a sustained respiratory rate of 70 breaths per minute indicates respiratory distress in a preterm infant. Gavage feedings are recommended in such cases to ensure adequate nutrition without causing further stress on the respiratory system. A: Sucking on a pacifier during gavage feedings is not a determining factor in choosing gavage over bottle feedings. B: Gagging when a feeding tube is inserted may not necessarily warrant gavage feedings over bottle feedings. D: The vital signs mentioned in choice D do not specifically indicate a need for gavage feedings; they may require further evaluation but are not a direct indication for gavage feedings.