ATI RN
Genitourinary System Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which laboratory result is of most concern for a patient with cystitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a urine bacteria count of 100,000 colonies/mL indicates a significant bacterial infection, which is concerning for cystitis. This result suggests an active infection in the urinary tract, requiring prompt treatment. A: Serum WBC of 9000/mm³ is within the normal range and may not necessarily indicate an active infection. B: Urinalysis with 1-2 WBCs present is also within the normal range and may not be indicative of an acute infection. D: Serum hematocrit of 36% is a measure of the proportion of red blood cells in the blood and is not directly related to cystitis.
Question 2 of 5
The right atrium myocytes secrete atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) when there is increased plasma volume. What actions does ANP take to produce a large volume of dilute urine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibits renin. ANP inhibits renin release, which leads to decreased aldosterone secretion. This results in decreased reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, promoting excretion of sodium and water, ultimately producing a large volume of dilute urine. Summary: B: Increases ADH - ANP actually opposes the action of ADH, which promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys. C: Inhibits angiotensin II action - ANP does inhibit the action of angiotensin II, but this does not directly lead to the production of dilute urine. D: Decreases sodium excretion - ANP actually increases sodium excretion by inhibiting renin and aldosterone, leading to decreased reabsorption of sodium.
Question 3 of 5
The mother of an 8-year-old girl has brought her child to the clinic because she is wetting the bed at night. What terminology should the nurse use when documenting this situation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct terminology for bedwetting in an 8-year-old is enuresis. Enuresis specifically refers to the involuntary discharge of urine during sleep at an age where bladder control is expected. This term is appropriate for the child's situation as it accurately describes the bedwetting issue. Ascites (A) refers to abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, not related to bedwetting. Dysuria (B) is painful urination, which is not the issue described. Urgency (D) refers to a sudden compelling need to urinate, which is also not relevant to this scenario. Using the correct term, enuresis, will ensure accurate documentation and communication regarding the child's bedwetting issue.
Question 4 of 5
Which test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Urine for culture and sensitivity. This test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis as it helps identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determines the most effective antibiotic treatment. Renal biopsy (A) is not typically required for diagnosing pyelonephritis. Blood culture (B) may be helpful in severe cases but is not specific for pyelonephritis. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) (C) is a radiological test used to visualize the urinary tract but does not confirm the diagnosis of pyelonephritis.
Question 5 of 5
Which type of urinary tract calculi are the most common and frequently obstruct the ureter?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium oxalate. This type of urinary tract calculi is the most common because calcium oxalate crystals are frequently formed due to various factors such as high dietary intake of oxalate-rich foods. These crystals can easily aggregate and form calculi that often obstruct the ureter due to their size and shape. Cystine calculi (A) are rare and usually seen in patients with genetic disorders. Uric acid calculi (B) are common in patients with gout or acidic urine but are not the most frequent type. Calcium phosphate calculi (D) can form in conditions of alkaline urine but are less common than calcium oxalate calculi.