Which lab values indicate a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. High HDL cholesterol is considered beneficial as it helps remove LDL cholesterol from arteries, reducing the risk of plaque buildup. 2. Low HDL cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 3. Low total cholesterol may not necessarily indicate a decreased risk, as it could be due to low levels of protective HDL cholesterol. 4. Low triglycerides, while generally considered good, do not directly indicate a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease like high HDL cholesterol does. In summary, high HDL cholesterol is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease by removing LDL cholesterol, whereas the other choices do not offer the same protective benefits.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary purpose of an abdominal binder after surgery is to increase circulation. An abdominal binder helps improve blood flow to the surgical site, which can aid in reducing swelling, promoting healing, and preventing complications such as blood clots. It provides gentle compression to support the abdominal muscles and tissues without restricting circulation. Choice A (Promote comfort) is incorrect because while an abdominal binder may provide some comfort by supporting the abdomen, its primary purpose is not solely for comfort. Choice B (Prevent infection) is incorrect because an abdominal binder does not directly prevent infection. Infection prevention is primarily achieved through proper wound care and infection control practices. Choice D (Provide wound care) is incorrect because an abdominal binder does not provide wound care. Wound care involves cleaning, dressing changes, and monitoring for signs of infection, which are separate from the purpose of an abdominal binder.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antihypertensive medication. In a hypertensive emergency, the priority is to lower blood pressure quickly to prevent organ damage. Antihypertensive medications like nitroprusside or labetalol are used for this purpose. Placing the client in a comfortable position and administering oxygen (B) may be beneficial, but lowering the blood pressure is the primary action. Monitoring blood pressure and administering antihypertensive medication (C) is correct, but the emphasis should be on immediate intervention. Monitoring the client's ECG (D) is important but not the primary action in a hypertensive emergency.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer fluids. In shock, the most crucial intervention is to restore perfusion by increasing circulating volume. Administering fluids helps to improve tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. This is essential for stabilizing the client's condition. Monitoring cardiac rhythm (B) and blood pressure (C) are important, but addressing the underlying issue of hypovolemia by giving fluids takes precedence. Providing IV antibiotics (D) is not the primary intervention for shock, as the immediate focus should be on restoring blood flow and oxygen delivery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: I must correct you on this question. The correct answer for the most appropriate action for a nurse to take when a client develops a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is not D. The correct answer should be C: Provide anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulant therapy is the standard treatment for DVT to prevent the blood clot from getting larger and to reduce the risk of it breaking loose and causing a pulmonary embolism. Elevating the leg and applying compression can help with symptoms but are not the primary treatment for DVT. Massage is contraindicated as it can dislodge the blood clot.