Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. High HDL cholesterol is associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk. 2. HDL cholesterol helps remove LDL cholesterol from arteries, reducing plaque buildup. 3. This leads to lower risk of heart disease and stroke. 4. Low HDL cholesterol (choice B) is associated with increased risk. 5. Low total cholesterol (choice C) and low triglycerides (choice D) do not directly correlate with decreased cardiovascular disease risk. Summary: High HDL cholesterol is beneficial for cardiovascular health as it helps reduce plaque buildup in arteries. Low HDL cholesterol, low total cholesterol, and low triglycerides are not associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To monitor the amount of airway obstruction. A peak flow meter is used to measure how well the patient can exhale air from the lungs, indicating the degree of airway obstruction in conditions like asthma. By monitoring peak flow readings, the nurse can assess the severity of the patient's asthma and adjust treatment accordingly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A: To measure the amount of oxygen in the blood - This is the function of a pulse oximeter, not a peak flow meter. C: To measure the frequency of inhaler use - This is not the primary purpose of a peak flow meter, which is specifically used to monitor airway obstruction. D: To track blood glucose levels - This is the function of a glucometer, not a peak flow meter used for asthma management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breath sounds and oxygen saturation. In COPD, monitoring respiratory status is crucial due to impaired gas exchange. Assessing breath sounds helps identify any adventitious sounds like wheezing or crackles, indicating respiratory distress. Oxygen saturation reflects oxygenation status, vital for patients with COPD prone to hypoxemia. Nutritional intake and weight (B), bowel sounds and abdominal girth (C), and urine output and skin integrity (D) are important but secondary assessments in this case. Nutritional status and weight are important for overall health, bowel sounds and abdominal girth are related to gastrointestinal function, and urine output and skin integrity are indicators of hydration and overall skin health, respectively. However, in a patient with COPD, the priority is ensuring adequate oxygenation and respiratory function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Sodium restriction helps prevent fluid retention and high blood pressure in CKD. 2. Limiting sodium intake is crucial in managing CKD-related complications. 3. Excess sodium can worsen fluid retention and strain the kidneys. 4. Proper understanding of sodium limitation shows patient's grasp of CKD management. Incorrect Choices: B. Increasing fluid intake can worsen fluid retention in CKD patients. C. Excessive protein intake can burden the kidneys in CKD. D. High potassium levels in CKD can lead to dangerous heart rhythm abnormalities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Place in a safe environment. This is the priority action because it ensures the client's safety by preventing injury during the seizure. Placing the client in a safe environment involves removing any objects that could harm them, such as sharp objects or furniture. Positioning on their side (choice A) is important after the seizure to prevent aspiration. Applying warm compresses (choice C) is not indicated during a seizure. Inserting an oral airway (choice D) is not recommended as it can be dangerous during a seizure and should only be done if the client is not breathing after the seizure.