Which key public health initiative in the mid-20th century sought to eliminate the threat of polio through vaccination?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, The Polio Eradication Initiative, because it specifically targeted the elimination of polio through vaccination efforts. It was a focused and coordinated program aimed at eradicating polio globally. B: The Global Health Initiative is too broad and does not specifically address the eradication of polio through vaccination. C: The Immunization Initiative is also too broad and does not specify polio eradication as its primary goal. D: The Global Polio Vaccine Program is close, but it lacks the emphasis on eradicating polio entirely, which is the main goal of The Polio Eradication Initiative.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Elizabethan Poor Law guaranteed medical care for poor, blind, and 'lame' individuals, similar to Medicaid. Welfare (A) and food stamps (B) do not provide for medical care. Medicare (D) provides medical care to primarily the elderly population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation are examples of activities from early colonial America. Schools of nursing (A), vaccines (B), and public housing (D) developed after the colonial period.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Providing health care to seamen was an early effort by the federal government to improve public health via the Marine Hospital Service, established in 1798 to secure maritime trade. Nurses didn’t set quarantine policy (A), home care programs started later (B), and environmental improvements were broader board responsibilities (C).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement and emerged as the leader of public health nursing in the U.S. Nightingale (A) worked in the UK, Root (B) was an early visiting nurse, and Loeb (D) was a supporter, not a nurse.