Which key piece of legislation in 1935 was a major step in addressing poverty and healthcare access in the U.S.?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The Social Security Act. This legislation, passed in 1935, established social insurance programs including unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, and aid to the disabled and needy children. It was a major step in addressing poverty and healthcare access by providing a safety net for vulnerable populations. A: The Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010, not 1935, and focused on expanding healthcare coverage and improving healthcare quality, but it is not the key piece of legislation in 1935 addressing poverty and healthcare access. C: The Medicare and Medicaid Act was passed in 1965, not 1935. While it significantly expanded healthcare coverage for seniors and low-income individuals, it is not the key legislation in 1935 addressing poverty and healthcare access. D: The National Health Service Act is a UK legislation from 1946, not the U.S., and established a system of publicly funded healthcare. It is not the key piece of legislation in 1935

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The cholera outbreak in London. This event led to significant advancements in sanitary reform in Europe as it highlighted the importance of clean water and sanitation. The outbreak spurred the implementation of public health measures, such as improving water quality and sewage systems, which became the foundation for modern public health practices. The other choices are incorrect because: A) The discovery of penicillin occurred in the 20th century and revolutionized medicine but did not directly impact sanitary reform; C) The development of the first vaccine for polio, while important for vaccination efforts, did not have as direct an impact on sanitary reform as the cholera outbreak; D) The establishment of the CDC in the 20th century in the United States did not have a direct impact on sanitary reform in Europe during the 19th century.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The Spanish Flu. The global spread of the Spanish Flu in the early 20th century, specifically in 1918, led to international collaboration in public health efforts due to its devastating impact and high mortality rate. Governments and health organizations worldwide worked together to combat the disease and implement preventive measures. The Spanish Flu pandemic highlighted the importance of global cooperation in addressing public health crises. Summary of other choices: A: Polio - While polio has been a significant public health concern, it did not lead to the same level of international collaboration as the Spanish Flu. B: HIV/AIDS - HIV/AIDS emerged later in the 20th century and, although it sparked global efforts, it was not the disease that prompted the level of international collaboration seen with the Spanish Flu. D: Tuberculosis - Tuberculosis is a persistent global health issue, but it did not have the same widespread impact in the early 20th century as the Spanish Flu.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The World Health Organization (WHO). Founded in 1948, WHO's primary goal is to address health disparities globally and promote international health cooperation. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for coordinating international health efforts. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a U.S.-based agency focused on disease prevention and control within the country. C: The United Nations Health Program is not a specific organization and does not exist. D: The American Medical Association is a professional organization representing physicians in the United States, not a global health organization.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The passage of the Medicare and Medicaid Act. This legislation in 1965 established government-funded health insurance programs for elderly and low-income individuals. It addressed the need for accessible healthcare for vulnerable populations. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Civil Rights Movement focused on racial equality, not healthcare. B: The Social Security Act created social insurance programs but not specifically health insurance. C: The Vietnam War did not directly lead to the establishment of government-funded health insurance programs.