Which joint is most commonly dislocated among pediatric patients?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Elbow. Pediatric patients commonly dislocate their elbows due to falls on outstretched hands. The elbow joint is inherently unstable in children due to the immature musculature and ligamentous structures. This vulnerability increases the likelihood of dislocation. Shoulder dislocations are more common in adults due to trauma or overuse. Hip dislocations are rare in pediatric patients. Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations are also uncommon compared to elbow dislocations in children. Therefore, the elbow joint is the most commonly dislocated joint among pediatric patients due to its unique anatomy and susceptibility to injury.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Phase 1. This phase is the medically acute inpatient cardiac rehabilitation phase focused on initial evaluation, stabilization, and education post-cardiac event. Phase 2 involves early outpatient exercise and education, Phase 3 is the maintenance phase, and Phase 4 is long-term independent exercise. Phase 1 is crucial for monitoring and managing acute cardiac issues, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hydrotherapy. Deep heat modalities like ultrasound, shortwave diathermy, and microwave diathermy utilize various forms of electromagnetic waves to penetrate tissues and provide therapeutic heat. Hydrotherapy, on the other hand, involves the therapeutic use of water in various forms like whirlpools, hot/cold packs, and steam baths, but it does not deliver deep heat through electromagnetic waves. Therefore, hydrotherapy is not considered a deep heat modality. Ultrasound, shortwave diathermy, and microwave diathermy are all examples of deep heat modalities commonly used in physical therapy for tissue healing and pain management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because collecting a follow-up data base allows the nurse to assess any changes in the patient's health status since her last visit, including evaluating the effectiveness of the new medication on her blood pressure. This step is essential to ensure the patient's ongoing care is appropriate and effective. Option B is incorrect because asking the patient to read her health record may not provide a comprehensive update on her current health status. Option C is incorrect as the patient's health history may have changed within the 2-month period, necessitating a reassessment. Option D is incorrect as obtaining a complete health history before checking her blood pressure may delay the assessment and may not be necessary for a routine follow-up visit.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most likely diagnosis for a hard mass in the midline of the palate with no associated mucosal abnormalities is Torus palatinus (Choice B). This is a benign bony growth that typically occurs in the midline of the hard palate. The absence of mucosal abnormalities and the hard nature of the mass are indicative of a bony growth rather than a soft tissue lesion like leukoplakia (Choice A), thrush (Choice C), or Kaposi's sarcoma (Choice D). Leukoplakia is a white patch that cannot be scraped off, thrush is a fungal infection causing creamy white lesions, and Kaposi's sarcoma usually presents as purplish lesions in immunocompromised individuals. In this case, the hard midline mass without mucosal changes points towards Torus palatinus as the most likely diagnosis.