Which is usually the only symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most common symptom of pediculosis capitis, also known as head lice infestation, is itching of the scalp. Head lice feed on blood from the scalp, leading to irritation and allergic reactions, causing itching. Itching is often more prominent behind the ears and at the nape of the neck where head lice tend to lay their eggs (nits). While secondary symptoms such as scalp rash, vesicles, and localized inflammatory responses can occur due to scratching or allergic reactions, itching is typically the initial and predominant symptom of head lice infestation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus exercises or reduces their food intake, it can lead to a decrease in blood glucose levels. This is because the body is using up glucose for energy during exercise or receiving less glucose from food intake. As a result, the client would require less insulin to manage their blood glucose levels, since there is less glucose present in the bloodstream that needs to be regulated. It is important for the client and family to understand this relationship between diet, exercise, and insulin requirements to effectively manage the client's diabetes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clients at risk for hypovolemia, which is a condition characterized by low blood volume, should be advised to avoid alcohol and caffeine. Alcohol and caffeine are known to have diuretic effects, which can further deplete the body's fluid volume and worsen the condition. By avoiding alcohol and caffeine, clients can help maintain adequate fluid levels in the body and reduce the risk of exacerbating hypovolemia. Additionally, it is important for clients at risk for hypovolemia to stay hydrated by consuming adequate amounts of water or other hydrating fluids.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Abnormally low-set ears are often associated with certain congenital anomalies, including congenital heart defects. When a nurse notes this finding during a physical examination of an infant, it is important to consider the possibility of congenital anomalies and further assessment for associated conditions. Low-set ears alone are not diagnostic of a specific congenital heart defect, but they can serve as a clue to support the need for further evaluation to rule out any underlying cardiac issues. Other congenital anomalies that may be associated with low-set ears include renal anomalies, which makes option D a distractor in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Heavy meals close to bedtime disrupt sleep.