Which is the strongest predictor of BPH progression?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Serum PSA strongly predicts BPH progression reflects prostate volume, risk of acute retention/surgery. Age correlates less specific. Flow rates indicate obstruction variable progression link. Symptom score (IPSS) tracks bother not progression strength. PSA's predictive power distinguishes it, critical for risk stratification, unlike age, flow, or symptom metrics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Average urine output is 1.5 L/day (varies 1-2 L), not 12 L (excessive), 100 mL (too low), or 3 L (high). This measures excretory output, vital for fluid balance, contrasting with extremes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aldosterone boosts sodium reabsorption in DCT/collecting duct, not elimination, potassium (excreted), or chloride (follows). This defines aldosterone's role, vital for blood volume, contrasting with opposite effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Parallel vasa recta/loop of Henle cause pyramid striations, not microtubules, connective tissue, or nerves. This explains medullary appearance, vital for countercurrent, contrasting with other tissues.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Exercise may cause transient albuminuria (protein leak), not glucose (reabsorbed), uric acid (purine), or ascorbic acid (vitamin). This identifies exercise-induced proteinuria, vital for renal stress, contrasting with normal solutes.