ATI RN
microbiology chapter 1 test bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is the preferred mode of transmission of HIV from a mother to a child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during delivery through mixing of blood, during pregnancy through the placenta, and via breastmilk during lactation. Each mode of transmission carries a risk of HIV transmission to the child due to the presence of the virus in the mother's blood and bodily fluids. It is important to note that all three modes contribute to the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and preventive measures should be taken to reduce this risk. Option A, during delivery through mixing of blood, is correct as HIV can be transmitted through exposure to infected blood during childbirth. Option B, during pregnancy through placenta, is also correct as the virus can cross the placenta and infect the fetus. Option C, via breastmilk during lactation, is correct as HIV can be present in breastmilk and transmitted to the child through breastfeeding. Therefore, the preferred mode of transmission of HIV from a mother to a child
Question 2 of 5
In a maternity hospital a newborn should receive vaccination against tuberculosis. What vaccine should be chosen?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: BCG vaccine. Step 1: BCG vaccine is specifically designed to protect against tuberculosis, making it the appropriate choice for newborns. Step 2: STI vaccine is for sexually transmitted infections, not tuberculosis. Step 3: EV vaccine is not a recognized vaccine. Step 4: DPT vaccine protects against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus, not tuberculosis. In summary, BCG vaccine is the correct choice as it targets tuberculosis specifically, while the other options are designed for different purposes.
Question 3 of 5
The central dogma concerning the flow of information from genetic material was first introduced by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, was first proposed by Francis Crick. Crick, along with James Watson, discovered the structure of DNA in 1953, leading to the understanding of how genetic information is stored and transmitted. Ernst Ruska was a physicist who developed the electron microscope, not related to genetic information flow. Camillo Golgi was an Italian biologist known for the discovery of the Golgi apparatus, not central to the central dogma. Carl Bender is not a prominent figure in the field of molecular biology. In summary, Francis Crick is the correct answer as he played a pivotal role in introducing the central dogma of molecular biology.
Question 4 of 5
The capsule of the bacteria is composed of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the capsule of bacteria is mainly composed of polysaccharides or polypeptides. This outer layer helps bacteria evade the host's immune system and protects them from desiccation. Peptidoglycan (choice A) is a component of the bacterial cell wall, not the capsule. Flagellin (choice C) is a protein component of the bacterial flagella, not the capsule. Choice D is incorrect as the capsule is indeed composed of polysaccharides or polypeptides.
Question 5 of 5
A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: commensalism. In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. In this relationship, the waste product of one organism serves as a nutrient source for another without affecting the first organism. Mutualism (A) involves both organisms benefiting, competition (B) involves a struggle for resources, and synergism (C) involves cooperative interactions. Commensalism is the only choice where one organism benefits from the waste product of another without any impact on the producer.