ATI RN
Chapter 15 The Gastrointestinal System Review Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is the only area that can digest a double sugar?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine where digestion of double sugars, like disaccharides, occurs. Enzymes such as sucrase, lactase, and maltase are secreted in the duodenum to break down double sugars into simple sugars for absorption. The other choices are incorrect because the stomach primarily digests proteins, the jejunum is mainly involved in nutrient absorption, and the pancreas secretes enzymes into the duodenum but does not directly digest double sugars.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the priority?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hematemesis. This is the priority finding because it indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can be life-threatening. The nurse should address this immediately to prevent further complications. Epigastric discomfort (A) and dyspepsia (B) are common symptoms of peptic ulcer disease but do not indicate active bleeding. Constipation (C) is not directly related to peptic ulcer disease and does not pose an immediate threat to the client's health.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative and at risk for paralytic ileus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take to promote peristalsis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase ambulation. Ambulation helps stimulate peristalsis by promoting movement in the gastrointestinal tract. This movement aids in preventing or alleviating paralytic ileus, a common postoperative complication. Increasing ambulation helps to increase muscle tone and activity in the intestines, promoting bowel motility. Summary of other choices: B: Decrease fluid intake - This is incorrect because adequate hydration is essential for promoting peristalsis and preventing constipation. C: Increase protein intake - Protein intake is important for wound healing and overall nutrition but does not directly impact peristalsis. D: Offer the client the bedpan every 2 hr - While providing opportunities for toileting is important, it does not directly promote peristalsis like ambulation does.
Question 4 of 5
While a female client is being prepared for discharge, the nasogastric (NG) feeding tube becomes clogged. To remedy this problem and teach the client's family how to deal with it at home, what should the nurse do?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Irrigate the tube with warm water. This is the correct action because irrigating the NG tube with warm water can help dislodge the clog and clear the obstruction. Here is a step-by-step rationale: 1. Gather necessary supplies: warm water, syringe, and towel. 2. Disconnect the tube from the feeding pump. 3. Draw up warm water into the syringe. 4. Gently insert the syringe into the tube and slowly push the warm water to flush out the clog. 5. Repeat the process as needed until the tube is clear. Other choices are incorrect: B: Advancing the tube into the intestine can be dangerous and should not be done without proper medical supervision. C: Applying intermittent suction may not effectively clear the clog and could potentially worsen the situation. D: Using a 30-ml syringe to withdraw the obstruction may not be as effective as irrigating with warm water.
Question 5 of 5
Organs that lie outside the abdominal cavity such as the duodenum, pancreas, urinary bladder and rectum are
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: retroperitoneal. Organs like the duodenum, pancreas, urinary bladder, and rectum are considered retroperitoneal because they lie behind the parietal peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity. They are not completely covered by visceral peritoneum (B) as they are not suspended in the abdominal cavity. They are not covered by parietal peritoneum (A) as this layer lines the abdominal wall. While these organs are covered with serous membranes (D), the defining characteristic is their location behind the peritoneum, making option C the most accurate choice.