Which is the most superficial layer of the integument that also has capillaries, lymphatics and sensory neurons?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The papillary dermal layer, the uppermost part of the dermis, is the most superficial integument layer with capillaries, lymphatics, and sensory neurons, supporting the avascular epidermis above it. The reticular dermal layer, deeper in the dermis, has these structures too but isn't as superficial. The stratum granulosum and lucidum are epidermal layers, lacking blood vessels or nerves. The papillary layer's loose connective tissue and rich vascularity, just below the epidermis, make it the correct answer, balancing superficiality with functional components.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sudiferous glands is the formal term for sweat glands, encompassing eccrine and apocrine types, which secrete sweat for cooling and excretion. Ceruminous glands produce earwax, sebaceous glands secrete sebum, and apocrine glands are a subset of sweat glands, not the whole category. 'Sudiferous' (from Latin 'sudor,' sweat) is the broad, accurate synonym, covering all sweat-producing glands in the skin, making it the correct alternative name.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The integumentary system includes the skin (epidermis and dermis), hair, nails, and glands like sebaceous glands. The hypodermis, or subcutaneous layer, lies beneath the dermis and isn't considered part of the integument proper, despite its adjacency. Sebaceous glands in the dermis, fingernails (epidermal derivatives), and the stratum corneum (epidermis) are all integumentary components. The hypodermis's exclusion, as superficial fascia, is a consistent anatomical distinction, making it the odd one out.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The dermis is vascularized, with blood vessels supplying nutrients, while the epidermis is avascular, relying on diffusion from dermal capillaries. The epidermis is epithelial cells, not connective tissue (dermis has that). The dermis isn't exterior (epidermis is) and is part of the skin, not excluded. Vascularity's contrast epidermis lacking vessels, dermis rich with them defines their structural and functional difference, making this the accurate distinction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sudiferous glands (sweat glands) produce sweat, either watery (eccrine) or thicker (apocrine), for thermoregulation and excretion. Sebum is from sebaceous glands, cerumin (cerumen) from ceruminous glands, and 'merocrin' is a typo or misnomer (merocrine describes eccrine secretion mode, not a substance). Sweat's role as the sudiferous output, distinct from other glandular products, confirms it as the correct secretion.