Which is the most common worldwide cause of haematuria?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Schistosomiasis is the top global hematuria cause parasitic bladder infestation (e.g., S. haematobium) in endemic areas outpaces neoplasia (older adults), infection (UTIs), and BPH (men). Schistosomiasis's prevalence distinguishes it, critical for worldwide epidemiology, unlike age or gender-specific causes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperkalemia is the most likely cause in dialysis arrest missed sessions spike potassium (e.g., >6.5 mmol/L), triggering arrhythmias. Pericardial effusion (uremic) is slower less acute. Hypocalcemia and hypertension occur less fatal acutely. Potassium's lethality distinguishes it, key to dialysis emergencies, unlike effusion or chronic issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Infection is the most frequent CAPD complication peritonitis (e.g., Staph epidermidis) tops issues, true. Gram-negatives are less common Staph leads. Admission isn't required intraperitoneal antibiotics suffice. Cell count is >100 leukocytes 250 overstates. Frequency distinguishes it, key to CAPD morbidity, unlike organism, treatment, or count errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal threshold is ~180 mg/dL (mg%), where glucose spills into urine not mg/min (rate), saturation alone, or 370 mg%. This defines glycosuria onset, critical for glucose homeostasis, contrasting with rate or saturation definitions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) affects infants, presents as a mass, is bilateral in ~7%, and often metastasizes to lungs not rarely. This corrects tumor behavior, vital for oncology, contrasting with metastasis rarity.