Which is the most common cause of CRF?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading CRF cause hyperglycemia scars nephrons (e.g., diabetic nephropathy), outpacing hypertension (vascular), GN (immune), and PKD (genetic). Diabetes's frequency distinguishes it, critical for CRF burden, unlike secondary or rarer etiologies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tunica albuginea repair is needed in penile fracture rupture during erection (e.g., intercourse), surgical fix restores integrity. Corpus spongiosum/urethra rarely tear separate. Corpora cavernosum is inside tunica contained. Buck's fascia may tear secondary. Tunica's role distinguishes it, critical for penile structure, unlike adjacent or contained tissues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thiazides inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the DCT, promoting diuresis, not stimulating it or affecting the loop of Henle (furosemide's site). This distinguishes thiazide's action, key for hypertension treatment, contrasting with loop diuretics or stimulatory misconceptions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Genitofemoral nerve emerges anteriorly from psoas major, unlike iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal (lateral), femoral (lateral/posterior), or lumbosacral trunk (medial). This specifies lumbar plexus anatomy, vital for surgical approaches, contrasting with other trajectories.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperaldosteronism increases K+ excretion, causing hypokalemia not acidosis (hyperkalemia), insulin deficiency, or beta blockers (minimal effect). This links aldosterone to potassium, critical for endocrine-renal interplay, contrasting with other conditions.