ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inadequate perfusion, usually due to conditions such as shock or severe dehydration, is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys impairs their ability to function properly and filter waste products from the blood. This can lead to a rapid decline in kidney function and the development of acute renal failure. Other potential causes such as pyelonephritis, tubular destruction, and urinary tract obstruction can also result in acute renal failure, but inadequate perfusion is the most common trigger, especially in pediatric patients.
Question 2 of 5
An 8-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell while blood is being drawn. What is the priority nursing action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When an 8-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell, the priority nursing action is to place the child in the knee-chest position. This position helps to increase venous return to the heart and improve systemic circulation, which can relieve the cyanosis by decreasing right-to-left shunting of blood. Placing the child in the knee-chest position helps optimize oxygenation and circulation, which is crucial during a hypercyanotic spell. Assessing for neurologic defects, beginning cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or preparing the family for imminent death are not the priority actions during a hypercyanotic spell in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to see as shock progresses in a child and becomes decompensated shock?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: As shock progresses and becomes decompensated in a child, profound perfusion abnormalities lead to inadequate oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain. This can result in altered mental status such as confusion and somnolence. As the body struggles to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs, the brain may be one of the first organs to demonstrate signs of inadequate perfusion. Thirst, irritability, and apprehension are more commonly seen in the early stages of shock. Confusion and somnolence indicate a more severe and critical state of shock where the child's body is struggling to maintain adequate blood flow to vital organs, including the brain.
Question 4 of 5
A client is admitted for postoperative assessment and recovery after surgery for a kidney tumor. The nurse needs to assess for signs of urinary tract infection. Which of the ff measures can be used to help detect UTI?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring temperature every 4 hours is crucial in detecting signs of a urinary tract infection in a postoperative client. An increase in temperature can indicate the presence of an infection, and early identification is essential for prompt treatment. While coughing and deep breathing (Option A) are beneficial for postoperative clients to prevent respiratory complications, they are not directly related to detecting UTI. Splinting the incision (Option C) is important for incisional care but does not specifically help in detecting UTI. Irrigating tubes (Option D) should only be done as ordered by the healthcare provider and is not a routine measure for detecting UTI.
Question 5 of 5
What equipment should the nurse prepare for the primary care provider when a woman says she is concerned about possible Chlamydia infection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a woman expresses concerns about a possible Chlamydia infection, the nurse should prepare a Chlamydia collection kit for the primary care provider. This kit typically includes everything needed to collect a specimen for testing, such as a swab for the patient to provide a genital sample. This sample can then be sent to a laboratory for testing to confirm the presence of Chlamydia. Having the appropriate collection kit ready ensures that the primary care provider can promptly gather the necessary information to make an accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment if needed.