ATI RN
Pediatric Emergency Nursing PICO Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Streptococcus viridans is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis. This group of bacteria consists of various species, including S. sanguinis and S. mutans, which normally reside in the oral cavity and are commonly associated with endocarditis following dental procedures. Streptococcus viridans can enter the bloodstream due to dental work, oral infections, or trauma to the oral tissues, and cause infective endocarditis by adhering to damaged heart valves or endocardium. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species are other common pathogens associated with endocarditis, but Streptococcus viridans remains the most prevalent causative agent.
Question 2 of 5
A man with a history of diabetes and chronic lung disease is admitted to the hospital with prostate cancer. He has all the following symptoms. Which should the nurse address first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this case, the nurse should address the respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute first, as it indicates potential respiratory distress in a patient with chronic lung disease. Rapid and shallow breathing could be a sign of worsening lung function or complications such as pneumonia, which require immediate attention to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent further deterioration. Monitoring and addressing the patient's respiratory status are crucial in preventing respiratory failure and other serious complications.
Question 3 of 5
. A female client experiences trauma to her urinary tract during an accident. Which of the ff factors should the nurse consider while assessing the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When assessing a female client who has experienced trauma to her urinary tract, it is essential for the nurse to focus on assessment and recognition of abnormal findings. This includes assessing for signs and symptoms such as pain, blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, or any other unusual changes in urinary habits. These abnormal findings can help the nurse identify the extent of the trauma and provide appropriate intervention or treatment. It is crucial to prioritize the client's physical health and well-being in this situation. Factors such as sexual habits, allergies to seafood, and insurance coverage may be important in other contexts but are not directly relevant to assessing trauma to the urinary tract.
Question 4 of 5
Hypernatremia is associated with a:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypernatremia is defined as an elevated serum sodium level above 145mEq/L. In this case, a serum sodium level of 150mEq/L indicates hypernatremia. The other options, serum osmolality of 245mOsm/kg and urine specific gravity below 1.003, are not specific criteria for the diagnosis of hypernatremia. The primary marker used for diagnosing hypernatremia is an elevated serum sodium level.
Question 5 of 5
Three days after admission Ms. CC continued to have frequent stools. Her oral intake of both fluids and solids are poor. Her physician ordered parenteral hyperalimentation. Hyperalimentation solutions are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperalimentation solutions are hypertonic or hyperosmolar solutions used to provide complete nutrition intravenously when a patient is unable to receive adequate nutrition orally. These solutions contain a high concentration of glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, and essential vitamins and minerals. They are used to reverse negative nitrogen balance, provide adequate caloric intake, and promote healing and recovery in patients who are unable to eat or absorb nutrients properly. Hyperalimentation solutions are not used to increase the osmotic pressure of blood plasma (Choice A), for hydration when hemoconcentration is present (Choice B), or to treat metabolic acidosis (Choice C).