ATI RN
Introduction to Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is the correct procedure for collecting a sputum specimen for culture and sensitivity testing?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Have the client expectorate the sputum into a sterile container. This is the correct procedure because using a sterile container ensures that the specimen remains uncontaminated for accurate culture and sensitivity testing. Choice A is incorrect as placing the specimen in a non-sterile container and enclosing it in a plastic bag can introduce contaminants. Choice B is incorrect as the nurse should not hold the container with bare hands to prevent contamination. Choice D is incorrect as offering an antiseptic mouthwash can alter the microbial flora in the sputum, affecting test results.
Question 2 of 5
A clinic nurse is teaching a client prior to surgery. The client does not seem to comprehend the teaching, forgets a lot of what is said, and asks the same questions again and again. What action by the nurse is best?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess the client for anxiety. The client's lack of comprehension, forgetfulness, and repetitive questioning are indicative of potential anxiety affecting their ability to process information. By assessing for anxiety, the nurse can address the underlying issue and provide appropriate support. Breaking information into smaller bits (B) may help but doesn't address the root cause. Giving written information (C) may not be effective if the client is experiencing anxiety. Simply reviewing the information again (D) without addressing the anxiety may not improve the client's understanding.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse cares for a client who has a stage 3 pressure injury with copious exudate. What type of dressing does the nurse use on this wound?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Multi-fiber superabsorbent dressing. This type of dressing is ideal for a wound with copious exudate as it can effectively absorb and contain the excessive fluid. It helps maintain a moist wound environment conducive to healing while preventing maceration. Wet-to-damp gauze (A) can cause trauma upon removal. Leaving the wound open (B) increases the risk of infection. Transparent film (C) may not provide enough absorbency for a wound with high exudate.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing drug therapy for hypertension. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, antihypertensive drug therapy for a newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patient would most likely include which drug or drug classes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics. According to JNC-8 guidelines, for African-American patients with hypertension, initial drug therapy should include calcium channel blockers or thiazide diuretics due to their proven efficacy in this population. Calcium channel blockers help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow, while thiazide diuretics help reduce fluid volume and blood pressure. This combination has shown better outcomes and reduced risk of adverse effects in African-American patients. Incorrect choices: A: Vasodilators alone - Not recommended as initial therapy for newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patients. B: ACE inhibitors alone - While ACE inhibitors are effective in treating hypertension, they are not the first-line choice for African-American patients based on JNC-8 guidelines. D: Beta blockers with thiazide diuretics - Beta blockers are not the preferred initial therapy for hypertensive African-American patients according to JNC-8 guidelines.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with aortic stenosis has acute pain due to decreased coronary blood flow. What would be an appropriate nursing intervention for this patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Promote rest to decrease myocardial oxygen demand. Rationale: 1. Aortic stenosis leads to decreased coronary blood flow, causing myocardial ischemia and pain. 2. Rest decreases myocardial oxygen demand, reducing the workload on the heart. 3. By promoting rest, the body's oxygen demand decreases, helping to alleviate the acute pain. 4. Teaching about anticoagulant therapy (B) and nitroglycerin use (C) are not directly related to addressing decreased coronary blood flow. 5. Raising the head of the bed (D) to decrease venous return would not directly address the underlying issue of decreased coronary blood flow and acute pain.