ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is not Na+ dependent for absorption?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: folate. Folate absorption is not Na+ dependent as it is primarily absorbed in the small intestine through a carrier-mediated process that is independent of sodium. Thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin absorption, on the other hand, are Na+ dependent processes that rely on sodium co-transporters for uptake in the small intestine. Thiamin is absorbed through a sodium-dependent active transport system, riboflavin requires a sodium-dependent carrier protein for absorption, and niacin absorption involves a sodium-dependent transporter in the small intestine. Therefore, folate is the only option that is not Na+ dependent for absorption.
Question 2 of 5
Which stimulates parietal cell secretion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: acetylcholine. Parietal cells in the stomach are primarily stimulated by acetylcholine to secrete hydrochloric acid. Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors on parietal cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and subsequent acid secretion. Prostaglandins (choice A) actually inhibit acid secretion, making it an incorrect choice. Aspirin (choice B) is known to damage the gastric mucosa and does not directly stimulate parietal cells. Vinegar (choice C) is acidic but does not specifically target parietal cells for acid secretion. Therefore, the correct choice is acetylcholine as it directly stimulates parietal cell secretion through muscarinic receptors.
Question 3 of 5
Regarding thyroid hormones:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Albumin binds more thyroid hormones than TBG due to its higher concentration in the blood. Step 2: TBG has higher affinity for thyroid hormones than albumin, leading to less free hormone. Step 3: Hence, choice B is correct as albumin has more capacity to bind thyroid hormones. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as significant T3 is produced peripherally. Choice C is incorrect as TBG has higher affinity. Choice D is incorrect as thyroid hormones stimulate lipolysis, not lipogenesis.
Question 4 of 5
One of the two hormones made by the pituitary that help regulate reproductive cells is luteinizing hormone. The other hormone is .
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is the other hormone made by the pituitary gland that helps regulate reproductive cells, along with luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH is responsible for stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males. Explanation: 1. FSH is directly involved in the reproductive process by stimulating follicle development and sperm production. 2. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are not hormones produced by the pituitary gland and are involved in the stress response. 3. Androgens are male sex hormones produced primarily by the testes, not the pituitary gland. In summary, FSH is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in regulating reproductive cells, while the other choices are not involved in the reproductive system or are not produced by the pituitary gland.
Question 5 of 5
The hormone involved in rhythmic activities, such as day/night and seasonal changes, is .
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: melatonin. Melatonin is the hormone involved in regulating rhythmic activities like day/night and seasonal changes through its influence on the body's circadian rhythm. Calcitonin is a hormone that regulates calcium levels in the blood; estrogen is a female sex hormone; and cyclin is a protein involved in cell cycle regulation. Melatonin's role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and responding to changes in light exposure makes it the most appropriate choice for a hormone involved in rhythmic activities.