Which is not a relatively common finding in ESRF patients?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypophosphatemia isn't common in ESRF hyperphosphatemia prevails (e.g., reduced excretion), incorrect. Metastatic calcification arises from high phosphate frequent. Neuropathy from uremia typical. Hyperparathyroidism (secondary) counters hypocalcemia standard. Low phosphate distinguishes the error, critical for ESRF's metabolic profile (anemia, bone disease, hyperphosphatemia), unlike expected complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ~90% of kidney stones cause microscopic hematuria abrasion of urothelium (e.g., oxalate stones), near-universal. 100% overstates rare exceptions exist. 20-70% underestimate too low. 90% (adjusted to D) distinguishes it, critical for diagnostic expectation, unlike absolute or lower estimates.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ischemic ATN is the most common renal ARF cause hypoperfusion (e.g., shock) damages tubules, outpacing nephrotoxic ATN (drugs), tubulointerstitial nephritis (allergic), and renal artery stenosis (vascular). Ischemia's frequency distinguishes it, critical for hospital-acquired ARF, unlike toxin, immune, or arterial causes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Antibiotics for strep don't prevent post-strep GN immune-mediated (e.g., anti-strep antibodies), not active infection, incorrect. Childhood predominance true. 7-14 days post-throat/skin accurate latency. Non-preventable nature distinguishes the error, key to GN's pathogenesis, unlike timing or demographic truths.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pigment gallstones are radiopaque (~50%) calcium bilirubinate, visible on X-ray, unlike urate (radiolucent), cholesterol (bile, rare), or struvite (renal, not bile). Gallbladder context fits common site. Radiopacity distinguishes it, key to imaging detection, unlike ureteral or mislocated stones.