ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is not a ductless gland?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sweat. Sweat glands are not considered ductless glands as they secrete sweat through ducts onto the skin surface. Adrenal, Pituitary, and Thyroid glands are all ductless endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, Pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions, and Thyroid gland produces hormones that control metabolism. Therefore, sweat gland is the only option that does not fit the criteria of a ductless gland, making it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, allowing them to easily diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells. Once inside the cell, they bind to intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. Choice A is incorrect because steroid hormones do not catalyze cyclic AMP; that is a function of peptide hormones. Choice C is incorrect because steroid hormones do not enter the nucleus directly but bind to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm. Choice D is incorrect because while steroid hormones do activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis, the initial step involves binding to receptors in the cytoplasm, not directly activating gene transcription.
Question 3 of 5
Which gland is responsible for the production of growth hormone?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary gland is responsible for producing growth hormone, also known as somatotropin. This hormone plays a key role in promoting growth, cell regeneration, and overall development. The other choices are incorrect because the thyroid gland primarily produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism, the adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to stress, and the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is the anterior pituitary gland as it specifically produces growth hormone.
Question 4 of 5
A patient presents with rhabdomyolysis and depletion of 2-3-diphosphoglycerate. A common complication of high levels of the molecule being affected in this patient would be:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metastatic Calcification. Rhabdomyolysis leads to release of intracellular contents, including 2-3-diphosphoglycerate, causing hyperphosphatemia. High phosphates bind with calcium and deposit in tissues, leading to metastatic calcification. Dystrophic calcification occurs in damaged tissues, not due to high levels of 2-3-diphosphoglycerate. Heart failure and respiratory failure are not directly related to the depletion of this molecule.
Question 5 of 5
Select the correct statement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because insulin is released by β cells in the pancreas and its main function is to lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. β cells are located in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and are responsible for producing and releasing insulin in response to high blood sugar levels. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Insulin is not released by α cells; glucagon is the hormone released by α cells that increases blood sugar levels. B: Insulin lowers blood sugar, so it is not released by α cells, and α cells do not lower blood sugar. C: Insulin is released by β cells, not α cells, and it decreases blood sugar levels, not increases them.