Which is not a common cause of eosinophilic esophagitis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Infections. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease of the esophagus. It is typically caused by an immune response to allergens, leading to an accumulation of eosinophils in the esophagus. A) Foods are a common cause of EoE, with common triggers including milk, eggs, wheat, soy, peanuts, and seafood. Elimination diets are often used to identify and manage food triggers. B) Drugs can also trigger EoE, with antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and others being potential culprits. It is important to review a patient's medication history to identify possible triggers. C) Environmental allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander, and molds can also contribute to EoE. Identifying and minimizing exposure to these allergens can be part of the management plan. Understanding the various causes of EoE is crucial for pediatric nurses as they play a key role in the assessment, diagnosis, and management of pediatric patients with this condition. By recognizing common triggers and symptoms, nurses can work with healthcare providers and families to develop effective treatment plans and provide support to improve the quality of life for children with EoE.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding congenital heart diseases like tetralogy of Fallot is crucial. Option B, stating that it is the most common cyanotic heart disease in children, is correct. This condition involves four heart defects leading to cyanosis. It is important for nurses to recognize this due to its prevalence and potential severity. Option A is incorrect because the murmur heard in tetralogy of Fallot is not pansystolic but rather a harsh systolic ejection murmur due to pulmonary stenosis. Option C is incorrect as brain abscess is not a typical neurological complication of tetralogy of Fallot. Option D is incorrect as the cardiac silhouette in this condition is typically boot-shaped due to right ventricular hypertrophy. Educationally, understanding these details helps nurses in accurately assessing and managing pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases. Recognizing the signs and symptoms allows for prompt interventions and improved patient outcomes. Nurses play a key role in early detection and ongoing care for children with complex cardiac conditions like tetralogy of Fallot.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, the best method for airway opening in an arrested child is utilizing an endotracheal tube (Option B). Endotracheal intubation provides a secure airway by directly placing the tube into the trachea, ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation in a critical situation like cardiac arrest. This method is preferred over an oropharyngeal airway (Option A), which is suitable for maintaining an open airway in a responsive patient but not in an arrested child where a secure airway is crucial. The option C, "Head tilt and jaw thrust," is a basic maneuver used in CPR to open the airway by lifting the chin and tilting the head. While this is essential in CPR, it may not be sufficient in cases of cardiac arrest in children where advanced airway management like endotracheal intubation is needed. Option D, "Ryle tube," is used for gastric decompression or feeding and is not appropriate for airway management in a child in cardiac arrest. In an educational context, it is vital for pediatric nurses to be proficient in advanced airway management techniques like endotracheal intubation to effectively manage pediatric emergencies. Understanding the rationale behind the correct choice and the limitations of other options is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients, especially in critical situations like respiratory or cardiac arrest.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the features of acute rheumatic fever is crucial for early recognition and appropriate management. The correct answer, option C, which is joint pain without any objective finding, is suggestive of a minor manifestation of acute rheumatic fever. This is because joint pain is a common symptom seen in acute rheumatic fever, especially in its early stages, and may precede the development of more obvious clinical signs. Option A, serological evidence of recent streptococcal infection, is more indicative of the etiology of acute rheumatic fever rather than a minor manifestation. It is an important diagnostic criterion but not a feature suggestive of a minor manifestation. Option B, a non-pruritic erythematous rash over the trunk with fading center and well margin, is more characteristic of erythema marginatum, a major manifestation of acute rheumatic fever, rather than a minor manifestation. Option D, involuntary purposeless, jerky dysthymic movement of hands and arms, describes chorea, which is another major manifestation of acute rheumatic fever and not a minor feature. Educationally, understanding the different manifestations of acute rheumatic fever is vital for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing minor manifestations can lead to early intervention and prevention of complications associated with acute rheumatic fever. By knowing the subtle signs and symptoms, nurses can advocate for appropriate diagnostic testing and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding cardiac conditions like ventricular septal defects (VSD) is crucial. The correct answer, option B, states that the murmur of mitral regurgitation has the same features as the murmur of VSD in timing. This is true because both murmurs are typically pansystolic in nature and heard best at the lower left sternal border. Option A is incorrect because an unrepaired large VSD can lead to increased pulmonary blood flow, causing symptoms like failure to thrive due to volume overload. Option C is incorrect because in VSD, increased pulmonary blood flow can lead to pulmonary congestion, which may manifest as prominent pulmonary vascularity on a chest X-ray. Option D is incorrect as right ventricular dilation is not typically associated with VSD, as the defect primarily affects the left-to-right shunting across the ventricular septum. Educationally, understanding these nuances in VSD presentation and associated findings is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide optimal care for pediatric patients with congenital heart defects. Recognizing the similarities and differences in murmurs and associated findings can aid in early identification and appropriate management of VSD, ultimately improving patient outcomes.