Which is not a common cause of drug-induced anaphylaxis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the common causes of drug-induced anaphylaxis to ensure prompt recognition and appropriate management. In this question, the correct answer is B) Aspirin. Aspirin is not a common cause of drug-induced anaphylaxis in comparison to the other options provided. Penicillin (Option A) is a well-known common cause of drug-induced anaphylaxis. NSAIDs (Option C) like ibuprofen and naproxen are also frequently associated with allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Radiocontrast media (Option D) can trigger allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, in some individuals, especially those with a history of sensitivity to these substances. Educationally, understanding the varying degrees of allergenic potential among different drugs is essential in pediatric nursing practice. Nurses need to be able to differentiate between common and uncommon triggers of anaphylaxis to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Additionally, knowledge of potential allergens helps in preventing adverse reactions and in educating patients and their families about medication safety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Functional abdominal pain is a common condition in children and adolescents. The correct answer is D) Recurrent periumbilical pain. This is because functional abdominal pain is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain that is not associated with organic or structural abnormalities. Periumbilical pain is a common presentation of functional abdominal pain in pediatric patients. Option A) Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing, which is not typically associated with functional abdominal pain but rather with upper gastrointestinal issues. Option B) Deceleration of linear growth is more indicative of chronic conditions such as malnutrition or endocrine disorders, rather than functional abdominal pain. Option C) Nocturnal diarrhea is more commonly seen in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease or infections, rather than functional abdominal pain. Educationally, understanding the features of functional abdominal pain is crucial for healthcare providers who care for pediatric patients. Recognizing the distinguishing characteristics helps in making an accurate diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment, which may include reassurance, lifestyle modifications, and possibly behavioral therapies. It is important to differentiate functional abdominal pain from organic causes to prevent unnecessary tests and interventions, and to address the patient's symptoms effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and assessing for infective endocarditis, the major Modified Duke criteria for diagnosing this condition are crucial to understand. In this question, the correct answer is A) Blood cultures positive for Staph aureus. Rationale for the correct answer: Positive blood cultures for Staph aureus are a major criterion for diagnosing infective endocarditis according to the Modified Duke criteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen associated with infective endocarditis, particularly in cases of acute endocarditis. Rationale for the incorrect options: B) Osler's nodes or Roth spots: These are actually minor criteria in the Modified Duke criteria and not considered a major criterion. C) Septic emboli: While septic emboli are associated with infective endocarditis, it is considered a minor criterion in the Modified Duke criteria. D) Fever < 38°C: Fever is a common symptom of infective endocarditis, but the specific temperature criterion mentioned here is not a major Modified Duke criterion. Educational context: Understanding the diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis is crucial for pediatric nurses in assessing and managing pediatric patients with this condition. Knowledge of the major and minor criteria, as well as common pathogens involved, helps in early identification, appropriate treatment, and prevention of complications associated with infective endocarditis in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile illness that primarily affects young children. One of the five principal clinical features of Kawasaki disease is bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate, which refers to the redness of the white part of the eyes without any discharge. This symptom is considered classic in Kawasaki disease and is an important diagnostic feature. Option A, aortic root enlargement, is not one of the five principal clinical features of Kawasaki disease. While cardiac complications can occur in Kawasaki disease, aortic root enlargement is not one of the initial diagnostic criteria. Option B, bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (>2 cm in diameter), is another principal clinical feature of Kawasaki disease. Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck region are commonly seen in Kawasaki disease and are part of the diagnostic criteria. Option C, diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, are not specific features of Kawasaki disease. While gastrointestinal symptoms can occur in Kawasaki disease, they are not part of the principal clinical features used for diagnosis. In an educational context, understanding the key clinical features of Kawasaki disease is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and diagnose this condition promptly. By knowing the specific criteria, nurses can advocate for appropriate treatment and prevent potential complications associated with Kawasaki disease. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients and promotes positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of drug contraindications to ensure the safety and well-being of young patients. In the context of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, the drug contraindicated is Digitalis (Option C). Digitalis, also known as Digoxin, is a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions by slowing the heart rate and increasing the force of contractions. However, in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Digitalis can exacerbate the condition by increasing the force of myocardial contraction, leading to potential adverse effects like worsening of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and arrhythmias. Antibiotics (Option A) are not inherently contraindicated in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy unless there are specific drug interactions to consider. Diuretics (Option B) may actually be beneficial in managing fluid overload in these patients. Immunosuppressives (Option D) are not typically used in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children. It is essential for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in pharmacology and understand the implications of drug therapy in various pediatric conditions. This knowledge helps in providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients, especially those with complex cardiac conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. By selecting the correct medication and being aware of contraindications, nurses can contribute to positive patient outcomes and prevent potential complications.