Which is not a common cause of contact dermatitis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the common causes of contact dermatitis is crucial for providing optimal care to children. In this case, the correct answer is A) Foods. Contact dermatitis is a type of skin inflammation that occurs when the skin comes into contact with a substance that triggers an immune response. While foods can certainly cause allergic reactions in children, they are not a common cause of contact dermatitis compared to substances like poison ivy, fragrances, and latex. Poison ivy contains a resin called urushiol that can cause a red, itchy rash when it comes into contact with the skin. Fragrances, often found in personal care products, can contain allergens that may lead to contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Latex is a known allergen that can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions upon contact. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between various causes of skin reactions in children. By understanding the common triggers of contact dermatitis, nurses can accurately assess and manage skin conditions in pediatric patients. Providing education to parents about potential allergens and irritants can also help prevent future episodes of contact dermatitis in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is crucial to providing safe and effective care to young patients. The correct answer to this question is B) Doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is a well-known medication that can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by the enlargement and weakening of the heart muscle. This adverse effect is particularly important to recognize in pediatric patients, as it can have serious implications for their cardiac function and overall health. IVIG (A), Cyclosporine (C), and Methotrexate (D) are not typically associated with causing dilated cardiomyopathy. IVIG is often used to boost the immune system in certain conditions, Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant commonly used in transplant patients, and Methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug often used in pediatric oncology. While these medications may have their own potential side effects, dilated cardiomyopathy is not a known risk associated with them. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of medication knowledge and vigilance in pediatric nursing practice. Nurses must be aware of potential adverse effects of medications commonly used in pediatric populations to monitor for signs and symptoms of complications. Understanding the implications of medications like Doxorubicin can help nurses intervene early and prevent serious cardiac issues in their young patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a pediatric patient with ventricular fibrillation, the immediate action should be to provide a DC shock (option A). This is because ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia that requires prompt defibrillation to restore normal sinus rhythm. Defibrillation helps to depolarize the heart muscle and allows the sinoatrial (SA) node to regain control of the heart's rhythm. Option B, giving anti-arrhythmic drugs, is not the first-line treatment for ventricular fibrillation in a pediatric patient. While anti-arrhythmic drugs may be used as adjunct therapy, they are not as effective as immediate defibrillation in this emergency situation. Option C, giving Epinephrine, is important in pediatric advanced life support protocols but should come after defibrillation in the management of ventricular fibrillation. Option D, giving Atropine, is used to treat symptomatic bradycardia and not ventricular fibrillation. In an educational context, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to understand the priority actions in managing pediatric cardiac emergencies like ventricular fibrillation. Quick and accurate decision-making can significantly impact patient outcomes in such critical situations. Nurses should be trained in recognizing arrhythmias, understanding the appropriate interventions, and being prepared to respond swiftly to provide life-saving care to pediatric patients experiencing cardiac emergencies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired hepatic copper transport, leading to copper accumulation in various organs. The correct answer is C) Urinary copper is high. This is because in Wilson's disease, there is impaired excretion of copper into bile, resulting in high levels of copper in the body, including the urine. Option A) Serum ceruloplasmin is high is incorrect because in Wilson's disease, there is decreased ceruloplasmin levels due to impaired synthesis by the liver. Option B) Autosomal dominant disorder is incorrect as Wilson's disease follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, requiring two copies of the defective gene for the disease to manifest. Option D) Hepatic dysfunction is usually mild is incorrect because Wilson's disease can lead to severe hepatic dysfunction, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure if left untreated. From an educational perspective, understanding the pathophysiology of Wilson's disease is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and manage this condition in pediatric patients. By knowing the key clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings associated with Wilson's disease, nurses can provide comprehensive care, educate patients and families about the importance of compliance with treatment, and facilitate timely interventions to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Ventricular septal defect. In pediatric nursing, understanding common congenital heart diseases is crucial. A ventricular septal defect is the most common acyanotic heart defect in children. This defect involves an opening in the septum between the two ventricles, allowing blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potential heart failure over time. Coarctation of the aorta (A) is a narrowing of the aorta, which can lead to high blood pressure and other complications, but it is not the most common acyanotic heart defect. Atrial septal defect (B) involves a hole in the atrial septum, leading to abnormal blood flow between the atria. Pulmonary valve stenosis (D) is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve, causing obstruction to blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. Educationally, knowing the prevalence and characteristics of different congenital heart diseases helps nurses in early identification, appropriate intervention, and ongoing management of pediatric patients with these conditions. Understanding the pathophysiology of each defect is essential for providing safe and effective care to children with congenital heart diseases.