Which is not a common cause of allergic conjunctivitis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) Foods. Allergic conjunctivitis is primarily caused by airborne allergens, and foods are not a common cause of this condition. Pollens, animal dander, and mold spores are known to trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals, leading to symptoms like red, itchy, and watery eyes. In an educational context, it's important for nursing students to understand the common triggers of allergic conjunctivitis to effectively assess and manage patients presenting with these symptoms. By recognizing the typical culprits, nurses can provide appropriate patient education on allergen avoidance strategies and pharmacological interventions to alleviate symptoms. Understanding the distinction between common allergens and less likely triggers like foods is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment planning in pediatric patients with allergic conjunctivitis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option D) Large atrial septal defect. The risk of developing infective endocarditis is least in a patient with a large atrial septal defect because the flow of blood in this defect is typically from the left atrium to the right atrium, which results in less turbulence and lower risk of bacterial adherence and subsequent infection. Option A) Severe aortic regurgitation, Option B) Small ventricular septal defect, and Option C) Severe mitral regurgitation are not the least risky in terms of developing infective endocarditis. Severe aortic and mitral regurgitation can lead to turbulent blood flow, increasing the risk of bacterial adherence. Small ventricular septal defects can also pose a higher risk due to the potential for turbulent flow and bacterial attachment. In an educational context, understanding the relationship between different types of cardiac defects and the risk of infective endocarditis is crucial for pediatric nurses. It is essential to grasp the hemodynamics of each defect to provide optimal care and prevent complications such as infective endocarditis. This knowledge allows nurses to prioritize interventions and educate patients and families effectively on infection prevention strategies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding neonatal cholestasis is crucial for providing effective care to newborns. The correct answer is D) Biliary atresia. Biliary atresia is the most common cause of neonatal cholestasis, characterized by the obstruction or absence of the bile ducts, leading to bile flow impairment and liver damage. Early identification and intervention are vital to prevent irreversible liver damage and improve outcomes. Option A) Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis is a broad term for liver inflammation of unknown cause, less common than biliary atresia in causing neonatal cholestasis. Option B) ABO incompatibility typically presents with hemolytic jaundice due to mismatched blood types between mother and baby, not causing cholestasis. Option C) Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is a genetic disorder causing impaired bile formation but is less common than biliary atresia in neonates. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing biliary atresia as a primary cause of neonatal cholestasis, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent complications. It reinforces the significance of differential diagnosis skills in pediatric nursing to ensure timely and accurate treatment for neonatal conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), option B is correct because the murmur of venous hum shares similarities with the murmur of PDA in terms of timing and duration. A venous hum is continuous and can mimic the continuous machinery-like murmur of a large PDA. This is an important distinction to make in pediatric nursing as it helps differentiate between the two conditions based on auscultation findings. Option A is incorrect because the typical murmur heard in a large PDA is continuous or machinery-like, not pansystolic. Option C is incorrect because in the case of a large PDA, there would be increased pulmonary blood flow resulting in prominent pulmonary vascularity on a plain chest X-ray. Option D is incorrect because right ventricular dilatation is not typically associated with a large PDA; instead, left ventricular enlargement may be seen due to increased left-to-right shunting. Understanding these nuances in auscultation findings and associated clinical presentations is crucial for pediatric nurses in accurately assessing and managing pediatric patients with congenital heart defects like PDA. It helps in providing timely interventions and improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Increased heart size. In pediatric patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), an increased heart size is often the earliest sign visible on a chest X-ray. This is due to the heart working harder to pump blood effectively, leading to myocardial hypertrophy and enlargement. Option B) Pulmonary edema typically manifests as a dense, fluffy appearance in the lungs due to fluid accumulation, not specifically related to CHF in the context of this question. Option C) Pulmonary vascular congestion would show as prominent pulmonary vessels on X-ray, which can be seen in various conditions, not just CHF. Option D) Pleural effusion presents as fluid in the pleural space surrounding the lungs, which can occur in CHF but is not the earliest sign typically visible on a chest X-ray. In an educational context, understanding the early signs of CHF in pediatric patients is crucial for prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications. Recognizing an increased heart size on a chest X-ray can prompt further assessment and management to improve outcomes for children with CHF. It is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients to be able to identify these early signs and symptoms to provide timely and effective care.