ATI RN
Urinary System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is incorrect regarding the investigation of UTI?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dipstick nitrite sensitivity isn't 96% it's ~50-60%, missing many UTIs (e.g., non-nitrate reducers like Enterococcus), incorrect. Leucocyte esterase specificity isn't 96% lower, ~80%, false positives occur (e.g., contamination). Culture >10âµ CFU/mL is standard 95% infection probability holds. Blood cultures rarely alter UTI management urine suffices, true. Nitrite's low sensitivity distinguishes the error, key to diagnostic limits, unlike specificity, culture, or blood utility statements.
Question 2 of 5
If a patient presents with dysuria and only 100-1000 WBC should they receive antibiotic treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 100-1000 WBC/mm³ (0.1-1/µL) is below UTI threshold (<10,000) dysuria alone without pyuria suggests non-bacterial cause (e.g., urethritis), no antibiotics. 'Yes' risks overtreatment lacks evidence. Repeat culture delays unnecessary here. Two specimens overcomplicates low counts persist. Negative treatment need distinguishes it, key to avoiding misuse, unlike proactive or delayed options.
Question 3 of 5
At what rate should IV fluids be given in acute renal colic?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV fluids in renal colic aim for 200 mL/hr urine output hydrates, aids stone passage (e.g., <5 mm), standard. 2 L/2 hr risks overload excessive. Maintenance is too slow insufficient push. 1 L/1 hr lacks precision cardiac caveat vague. Output goal distinguishes it, key to flushing strategy, unlike volume or rate errors.
Question 4 of 5
Haematuria, hypertension, proteinuria and red cell casts in the urine are indicative of?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nephritic conditions (e.g., glomerulonephritis) show hematuria, hypertension, proteinuria, red cell casts glomerular inflammation hallmark. Nephrotic syndrome lacks casts edema, heavy proteinuria. Hepatorenal is liver-related no casts. Rhabdomyolysis causes myoglobinuria not glomerular. Nephritic profile distinguishes it, key to renal diagnosis, unlike protein, liver, or muscle disorders.
Question 5 of 5
Which is the most common cause of CRF?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the leading CRF cause hyperglycemia scars nephrons (e.g., diabetic nephropathy), outpacing hypertension (vascular), GN (immune), and PKD (genetic). Diabetes's frequency distinguishes it, critical for CRF burden, unlike secondary or rarer etiologies.